lecture 5

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What is the first step mentioned in the process of translating a peptide sequence?

Slicing together introns

Translating to peptide sequence (correct)

Removing exons

Enabling subsequent steps

What is the role of co-regulatory transcription factors?

Binding to DNA around the gene

Enabling subsequent steps in translation

Activating transcription factors

Facilitating space extensions (correct)

In the context of gene activity regulation, what can happen to the levels of process regulation?

Remain constant in all cases

Be tinkered with (correct)

Increase due to host translation modifications

Decrease due to mutation

What is the name of the gene mentioned in the text?

Beta Glycocytis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the gene Beta Glycocytis?

Breaking down enzymes near Pacrius Signup and view all the answers

What process involves bending and drawing equipment region at the beginning?

Transcription by transcription factors Signup and view all the answers

What are the little sensors referred to as?

Writers Signup and view all the answers

What do the writers and erasers modify?

Both DNA and proteins Signup and view all the answers

What do the regions of the transcription factors interact with?

Cofactors or other protein citizens Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of alternative isoforms mentioned in the text?

They are involved in regulating transcription and various cellular processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main implication of different cell types expressing different isoforms of transcripts?

It allows tissues to have similar functions despite expressing different isoforms. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor signaling pathways are mentioned in the text as being linked to isoforms 7, 8, and 10?

Factor signaling pathways for cell proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of isoforms 2 and 3 according to the text?

Mediating cell differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the T-Scan gene mentioned in the text?

It has a record number of known isoforms, showcasing the diversity of isoform expression. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of alternative institutional isoforms mentioned in the text?

They can result in translated variants with important regulatory roles in cellular processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the production of active hemoglobin?

Modification and complexing with αglobin and heme Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is responsible for uniting the enhancer-bound factors to the promoter-bound factors?

Ldb1 Signup and view all the answers

Where is gene A expressed based on the in situ hybridization shown in the text?

In limb and brain cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fusing reporter genes to suspected enhancer regions of genes expressed in particular cell types?

To identify the genetic elements regulating tissue-specific transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fusing the GFP gene to a zebrafish gene that is active only in certain cells of the retina?

Expression of green fluorescent protein in the larval retina Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of fusing the enhancer region of the gene for the musclespecific protein Myf5 to a lacZ reporter gene?

It helps in identifying the expression pattern of the gene in mouse embryos Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the MITF transcription factor is responsible for recognizing an 11-base-pair sequence of DNA?

Amino termini Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the 'Yamanaka factors' are virally inserted into differentiated fibroblasts?

They dedifferentiate into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) Signup and view all the answers

Which transcription factors are part of the 'Yamanaka factors' for inducing pluripotent stem cells?

Oct3/4, c-Myc, Sox2, and Klf4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main implication of alternative pre-mRNA splicing mentioned in the text?

Production of different proteins by selectively using different exons Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Dscam gene in Drosophila, as discussed in the text?

Fosters a dispersed pattern of dendrites by promoting self-avoidance between dendrites Signup and view all the answers

What does Figure 3.26 illustrate about ribosomal heterogeneity in mice?

Ribosomes have slightly different proteins depending on the tissue in which they reside Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of alternative spliced forms of Dscam (4.1, 4.2, 4.9, 4.12), as mentioned in the text?

Express different isoforms for self-avoidance between dendrites Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of differential pre-mRNA processing, as discussed in the text?

It can process the same pre-mRNA into different mRNAs by selectively using different exons Signup and view all the answers

What is the progressive specification of endodermal cell fates in the sea urchin embryo controlled by?

Maternal contributions and signals Signup and view all the answers