DNA and Genetics Quiz
36 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of repair is the most important in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Recombinational repair
  • Excision repair (correct)
  • Photoreactivation
  • Translesion DNA synthesis

    • Which type of repair is the most important in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Translesion DNA synthesis
  • Recombinational repair
  • Excision repair (correct)
  • Direct repair

    • Which RNA polymerase produces the majority of rRNA transcripts?

  • RNA polymerase III
  • RNA polymerase II
  • RNA polymerase IV
  • RNA polymerase I (correct)

    • What are the two types of DNA mutations?

    <p>Germ-line and localized genetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can cause DNA damage?

    <p>Exposure to alkylating agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA Helicase in DNA replication?

    <p>It unwinds the DNA chain and breaks the H-bonds between complementary base pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA recombination is limited to specific DNA sequences and involves an enzyme called a recombinase?

    <p>Site-specific recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of mutations?

    <p>Silent, missense, and nonsense effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is made of nucleotides and has directionalality?

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause DNA damage?

    <p>Oxidative stress, alkylating agents, base loss, bulky adduct formation, DNA crosslinking, and DNA strand breaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to cells in response to DNA damage?

    <p>They can undergo cell cycle arrest or apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of repair is used to repair UV-induced pyrimidine dimers?

    <p>Direct repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does DNA replication start in the cell cycle?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most stable structure for a random-sequence DNA molecule?

    <p>B-form DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can trinucleotide repeat expansion cause?

    <p>Huntington's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of miRNAs?

    <p>To pair with mRNA regions and target them for degradation by specific proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs during meiosis and is a type of homologous genetic recombination?

    <p>Crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main types of point mutations?

    <p>Substitution, insertion, and deletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an AP site?

    <p>A location in DNA that has neither a purine nor a pyrimidine base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?

    <p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme adds DNA nucleotides on the leading strand in the direction of 5' to 3'?

    <p>DNA Polymerase III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main types of point mutations?

    <p>Substitution, insertion, and deletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diseases can be caused by Trinucleotide repeat expansion?

    <p>Huntington's and Fragile X syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two pathways are used to repair double-strand breaks?

    <p>Non-homologous end-joining pathway and translesion DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of repair is seen in repairing UV-induced pyrimidine dimers?

    <p>Direct repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process produces mutations within rearranged variable regions of both heavy and light chains, leading to an effective immune response?

    <p>Somatic hypermutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of snoRNAs in ribosome assembly?

    <p>To assist in ribosome assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be associated with inherited defects in DNA repair genes?

    <p>Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause DNA damage?

    <p>Oxidative stress and alkylating agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can mutations be localized?

    <p>By the type of chromosome affected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between RNA polymerase III and RNA polymerase II?

    <p>RNA polymerase III produces all mRNAs and most regulatory and untranslated RNAs, while RNA polymerase II produces the majority of rRNA transcripts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA recombination allows an organism to produce an extraordinary diversity of antibodies from a limited DNA-coding capacity?

    <p>Homologous genetic recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of telomerase in DNA replication?

    <p>It adds DNA sequence repeats to the 3' end of DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to cells in response to DNA damage?

    <p>They can undergo apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diseases can be caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion?

    <p>Huntington's and Fragile X syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    1. Living things reproduce and inherit genetic information from their parents.
    2. Genes are the carriers of genetic information and are part of DNA.
    3. Chromosomes are carriers of genes and are diploid in humans.
    4. Nucleotides are the repeating structural units of DNA and RNA.
    5. DNA is a macromolecule made of nucleotides and has directionalality.
    6. DNA has a double helical shape that helps in stability.
    7. Adenine binds to thymine and guanine binds to cytosine in DNA base pairing.
    8. A always equals T and G always equals C in DNA base pairing.
    9. B-form DNA is the most stable structure for a random-sequence DNA molecule.
    10. Z-form DNA is a left-handed coiled structure and contains 12 base pairs.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge of DNA and genetics with this informative quiz! From the basics of living things and genetic information to the structure and function of DNA, this quiz covers it all. Learn about the carriers of genetic information, the directionalality of DNA, and the fascinating world of base pairing. Whether you're a biology student or just curious about genetics, this quiz will challenge and expand your understanding of the building blocks of life.

    More Like This

    DNA Replication and Genetics Quiz
    12 questions

    DNA Replication and Genetics Quiz

    SmoothestCarnation avatar
    SmoothestCarnation
    Understanding DNA and Genetics Quiz
    12 questions

    Understanding DNA and Genetics Quiz

    ResoluteGladiolus avatar
    ResoluteGladiolus
    DNA and Genetics Quiz
    8 questions

    DNA and Genetics Quiz

    MerryBliss2630 avatar
    MerryBliss2630
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser