36 Questions
Which type of repair is the most important in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Excision repair
Which type of repair is the most important in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Excision repair
Which RNA polymerase produces the majority of rRNA transcripts?
RNA polymerase I
What are the two types of DNA mutations?
Germ-line and localized genetic
Which of the following can cause DNA damage?
Exposure to alkylating agents
What is the function of DNA Helicase in DNA replication?
It unwinds the DNA chain and breaks the H-bonds between complementary base pairs
Which type of DNA recombination is limited to specific DNA sequences and involves an enzyme called a recombinase?
Site-specific recombination
Which of the following is a consequence of mutations?
Silent, missense, and nonsense effects
Which molecule is made of nucleotides and has directionalality?
RNA
What can cause DNA damage?
Oxidative stress, alkylating agents, base loss, bulky adduct formation, DNA crosslinking, and DNA strand breaks
What can happen to cells in response to DNA damage?
They can undergo cell cycle arrest or apoptosis
What type of repair is used to repair UV-induced pyrimidine dimers?
Direct repair
When does DNA replication start in the cell cycle?
S phase
What is the most stable structure for a random-sequence DNA molecule?
B-form DNA
What can trinucleotide repeat expansion cause?
Huntington's disease
What is the function of miRNAs?
To pair with mRNA regions and target them for degradation by specific proteins
Which process occurs during meiosis and is a type of homologous genetic recombination?
Crossing over
What are the three main types of point mutations?
Substitution, insertion, and deletion
What is an AP site?
A location in DNA that has neither a purine nor a pyrimidine base
Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?
Thymine
Which enzyme adds DNA nucleotides on the leading strand in the direction of 5' to 3'?
DNA Polymerase III
What are the main types of point mutations?
Substitution, insertion, and deletion
Which diseases can be caused by Trinucleotide repeat expansion?
Huntington's and Fragile X syndrome
Which two pathways are used to repair double-strand breaks?
Non-homologous end-joining pathway and translesion DNA synthesis
Which type of repair is seen in repairing UV-induced pyrimidine dimers?
Direct repair
Which process produces mutations within rearranged variable regions of both heavy and light chains, leading to an effective immune response?
Somatic hypermutation
What is the role of snoRNAs in ribosome assembly?
To assist in ribosome assembly
What can be associated with inherited defects in DNA repair genes?
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and breast cancer
What can cause DNA damage?
Oxidative stress and alkylating agents
How can mutations be localized?
By the type of chromosome affected
What is the difference between RNA polymerase III and RNA polymerase II?
RNA polymerase III produces all mRNAs and most regulatory and untranslated RNAs, while RNA polymerase II produces the majority of rRNA transcripts.
Which type of DNA recombination allows an organism to produce an extraordinary diversity of antibodies from a limited DNA-coding capacity?
Homologous genetic recombination
What is the function of telomerase in DNA replication?
It adds DNA sequence repeats to the 3' end of DNA strands
What can happen to cells in response to DNA damage?
They can undergo apoptosis
Which diseases can be caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion?
Huntington's and Fragile X syndrome
What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?
46
Study Notes
- Living things reproduce and inherit genetic information from their parents.
- Genes are the carriers of genetic information and are part of DNA.
- Chromosomes are carriers of genes and are diploid in humans.
- Nucleotides are the repeating structural units of DNA and RNA.
- DNA is a macromolecule made of nucleotides and has directionalality.
- DNA has a double helical shape that helps in stability.
- Adenine binds to thymine and guanine binds to cytosine in DNA base pairing.
- A always equals T and G always equals C in DNA base pairing.
- B-form DNA is the most stable structure for a random-sequence DNA molecule.
- Z-form DNA is a left-handed coiled structure and contains 12 base pairs.
Test your knowledge of DNA and genetics with this informative quiz! From the basics of living things and genetic information to the structure and function of DNA, this quiz covers it all. Learn about the carriers of genetic information, the directionalality of DNA, and the fascinating world of base pairing. Whether you're a biology student or just curious about genetics, this quiz will challenge and expand your understanding of the building blocks of life.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
