BIO 222 Chap 10 DNA and Genetic Material

What key characteristic must genetic material possess to ensure continuity of life?

Why was the elucidation of DNA's structure so pivotal in genetics?

What discovery is Johann Friedrich Miescher credited with?

According to Chargaff's rules, if a double-stranded DNA molecule consists of 28% guanine, what percentage of adenine would it contain?

What role did Levene's work play in advancing our understanding of DNA structure?

What critical finding emerged from Griffith's experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae?

During the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment, what evidence led them to determine DNA, rather than protein, was the transforming principle?

Suppose Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty found that heat-killed bacteria samples treated with both RNase and protease still transformed bacteria, but samples treated with DNase did not. What assertion would that support?

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, why was radioactive phosphorus (⁻²P) used to label DNA?

In the Hershey-Chase experiment designed to determine the carrier of genetic information, if both radioactive sulfur and radioactive phosphorus were found inside the infected bacteria, how would that affect the conclusion?

What critical role did Rosalind Franklin's work play in the discovery of DNA's structure?

What type of data did Watson and Crick primarily use to construct their model of DNA?

How is genetic information typically encoded in most organisms?

Which of the following distinguishes RNA from DNA?

A nucleotide consists of what three components?

What type of bond connects the nucleotides in a single strand of DNA?

Which base is typically found in RNA but not in DNA?

What is the key feature of DNA's secondary structure?

What contributes to the stability of the DNA double helix?

What does the term 'antiparallel' refer to in the context of DNA structure?

If one strand of DNA has the sequence 5'-ATGCTGA-3', what is the sequence of the complementary strand?

How many hydrogen bonds are typically formed between adenine and thymine in a DNA molecule?

What characterizes the B-DNA form, which is the standard form described by Watson and Crick?

Under what circumstances can a hairpin structure form within a single strand of RNA or DNA?

A DNA sequence reads 5'-GGCCAATTGG-3'. Which sequence could form a hairpin structure within this strand?

What is H-DNA characterized by?

Where are sequences likely to form H-DNA typically found?

What role does DNA methylation play in biological systems?

Where are methyl groups added to modify DNA?

How does knowledge of DNA structure inform treatments for genetic diseases?

How do the unique structures formed by DNA and RNA, such as hairpins and H-DNA, impact cellular processes?

How does the fact that DNA is the genetic material influence our understanding of human evolution?

What is the main characteristic of genetic material?

During Miescher experiment, which cells were they experimenting with?

Which viruses encode the genetic information in RNA instead of DNA?

If Griffith's experiment had shown that the heat-killed virulent bacteria did not transform the nonvirulent bacteria into a virulent form, how would this have affected the subsequent search for the genetic material?

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, what would the conclusions have been if the radioactive sulfur (³⁵S) was found in the infected bacteria and the radioactive phosphorus (³²P) was found in the phage ghosts?

Which experimental finding would most strongly support the conclusion that RNA, not DNA, can be the genetic material?

Considering the structure of DNA, which characteristic is most directly related to its ability to store vast amounts of genetic information?

A mutation occurs in a cell, preventing the formation of hydrogen bonds in DNA. What would be the most likely consequence of this mutation?

How would the disruption of phosphodiester bonds in a single strand of DNA directly impact DNA's function?

A scientist discovers a new virus with a unique nucleic acid composition: adenine makes up 15%, guanine 35%, cytosine 20%, and uracil 30%. What can be concluded about the virus's genetic material?

How does DNA methylation alter gene expression?

What implications would the discovery of a protein with the ability to destabilize H-DNA structures have on cellular processes?

A researcher is studying a genetic sequence in a mammalian cell and observes a region forming H-DNA. What might the researcher infer about this region's function?