24 Questions
What is the key factor that must be the same for both solute and solvent elements in order to form a solid solution?
Valency
Which factor is emphasized in the Hume-Rothery rules to ensure the successful formation of a solid solution?
Atomic electronegativity
What percentage limit must the atomic radii of solvent and solute elements not exceed to satisfy the Relative size factor for solid solution formation?
15%
What term is used to describe the phenomenon when the alloy melts/freezes at a single temperature due to failure to satisfy the Hume-Rothery rules?
Eutectic melting
What is the significance of eutectic systems in binary combinations of elements according to the provided text?
They are common and important
What is the importance of crystal structure in determining material properties?
It determines the properties of the material
How do disruptions in crystal symmetry affect crystalline materials?
They alter the properties of the material
What distinguishes diamond from graphite in terms of properties?
Graphite conducts electricity while diamond is hard
Which term refers to disruptions in crystal symmetry?
Crystalline defects
In engineering materials, what is the common structure found instead of single crystals?
Polycrystalline structure
What is the main reason for the phasing out of the lead-tin system in solders?
Toxicity of lead
In the Al-Si system, what effect does silicon have on aluminum?
Provides good strengthening effect
Which term describes the microstructure with primary Si surrounded by eutectic a+Si lamellae in the Al-Si system?
Hyper-eutectic
What is added to zirconia to stabilize it in its cubic form?
Yttria (Y2O3)
Why does adding yttria to zirconia create oxygen vacancies in YSZ?
Creates defects in the lattice
What is the fraction of Liquid in the phase diagram of Calloy C1 C2?
48.5%
In the Cu-Ni system, what does a miscibility gap indicate?
Insolubility of A and B
How does a solution decompose in the Cu-Ni system when cooling?
It decomposes into enriched solutions a1 and a2
What rule still applies even when a solution decomposes into enriched solutions in the Cu-Ni system?
Lever Rule
What must not happen for solid solubility to occur in alloys according to the text?
Chemical reaction between solvent and solute elements
What are the two principal types of solid solution mentioned in the text?
Substitutional and Interstitial
In the context of solidification, what does the Lever Rule help calculate?
Proportions of liquid and solid phases
At what temperature do the first solid crystals start to form in the process of solidification?
800C
Which type of bond is formed during the solidification of the alloy?
A-A, B-B, and A-B bonds
Study Notes
- Lead-tin system was used for solders but phased out due to lead toxicity.
- Aluminum-silicon alloys are used for lightweight castings with good fluidity and strengthening effect.
- Zirconia can have different crystal structures affecting processing and use at high temperatures.
- Yttria can stabilize zirconia in its cubic form, creating yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ).
- Hume-Rothery rules include valency, electronegativity, size, and lattice type factors for solid solutions.
- Failure to follow Hume-Rothery rules can lead to miscibility gaps and melting points in alloys.
- Eutectic systems have lower melting points than pure components in binary alloys.
- Crystal structure affects material properties, with defects influencing properties in crystalline materials.
- Polycrystalline materials like alumina ceramics consist of multiple crystals in their structure.
- Lever rule can calculate phase proportions in alloys, with compositions of phases determining the amount of each phase.
Test your knowledge on crystal structures and material properties discussed in Lecture 3 of DM308 Production Techniques 2. Explore how the arrangement of atoms/molecules in solid materials influences their properties and learn about translational symmetry. This quiz is based on the lecture by Dr. Vassili Vorontsov from the Department of Design, Manufacture and Engineering Management at the University of Strathclyde.
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