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ما هي العقاقير التي يجب إيقافها قبل التخدير؟اختر جميع الخيارات الصحيحة.
ما هي العقاقير التي يجب إيقافها قبل التخدير؟اختر جميع الخيارات الصحيحة.
يُمكن استخدام الأتروبين لتحضير مرضى غُلق الزاوية.
يُمكن استخدام الأتروبين لتحضير مرضى غُلق الزاوية.
False
ما هي وظائف البنزوديازيبينات؟
ما هي وظائف البنزوديازيبينات؟
ما هي الأدوية التي يُمكن استخدامها في حالات فقدان الوعي المفاجئ مع غياب النبض بالشرايين المركزية ؟
ما هي الأدوية التي يُمكن استخدامها في حالات فقدان الوعي المفاجئ مع غياب النبض بالشرايين المركزية ؟
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ما هو أهم عامل دوائي في توقف القلب؟
ما هو أهم عامل دوائي في توقف القلب؟
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ينقص الـ NO استهلاك الدماغ للأكسجين
ينقص الـ NO استهلاك الدماغ للأكسجين
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ما هو أقوى مخدر إنشاقي فيما يخص المباشرة بالتخدير؟
ما هو أقوى مخدر إنشاقي فيما يخص المباشرة بالتخدير؟
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يُستخدم البروبوفول كمخدر إنشاقي التام.
يُستخدم البروبوفول كمخدر إنشاقي التام.
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يُمكن استخدام البروبوفول عند مرضى التهاب عصبية
يُمكن استخدام البروبوفول عند مرضى التهاب عصبية
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يُمكن استخدام الفنتانيل بعد العمل الجراحي
يُمكن استخدام الفنتانيل بعد العمل الجراحي
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ما هو المخدر الناحي المستخدم في العمل الاجمالي ؟
ما هو المخدر الناحي المستخدم في العمل الاجمالي ؟
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التخدير بالارتشاح يُستعمل في العملية الصغرى .
التخدير بالارتشاح يُستعمل في العملية الصغرى .
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Study Notes
General Information
- This document, titled "Anesthesiology," is a study guide for national examinations.
- The guide covers 31 pages and costs 110.
- The publisher is RBO Medicine, and the study resource is associated with the "Dream Team."
Content Outline
- The document covers various topics related to anesthesia.
- The topics include patient preparation for surgery, medications for anesthesia, blood transfusions, fluid and electrolyte balance, airway management, intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, types of anesthesia, surgical and anesthesia history, medications, pain, analgesics, muscle relaxants, shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and post-operative complications.
- Additional topics include oxygen therapy, assessment, and management of critically ill patients.
Patient Preparation
- Medical history: Includes internal medical conditions and allergies.
- Drug history: Important medications, including antibiotics (interactions with muscle relaxants), birth control (discontinuation 6 weeks before surgery), steroids (must be continued during surgery), and other antihypertensives, beta-blockers, antidepressants, anticoagulants, and anti-diabetic drugs.
- Lifestyle: Alcohol use (should be tapered prior to surgery), smoking cessation (recommended 4-6 weeks before surgery for improved cardiovascular health and recovery of cilia function in the respiratory system), and other habits.
- Equipment review: Respiratory tract (cough, fever, secretions, upper respiratory infections indicate a contraindication to anesthesia); musculoskeletal system (joint diseases affecting respiratory reserve, and joint degeneration affecting the cervical vertebrae, and checking temporomandibular joint).
- Additional questions: Includes pregnancy, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism.
Critical Patient Factors
- Patients less than 40 years old with no additional risk factors for simple procedures.
- Minor procedures (less than 30 minutes) for patients over 40 with no additional risk factors.
- Major surgical procedures for patients over 40 with a history of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
- Major abdominal or pelvic procedures.
- Major lower limb bone procedures.
Physical Status Classification
- Class I: Healthy patient.
- Class II: Patient with mild systemic disease (diabetes, mild hypertension).
- Class III: Patient with severe systemic disease limiting function but not incapacitating.
- Class IV: Patient with incapacitating systemic disease.
- Class V: Terminally ill and not expected to survive for more than 24 hours with or without surgery.
Anesthesia Preparation
- Pre-operative Evaluation: Includes medical history taking, physical exams, and blood pressure and temperature checks (blood pressure above 160mmHg or/and temperature above 38°C is not allowed).
- Pre-Anesthesia Medications: Used to reduce anxiety and minimize risks of nausea and vomiting, reduce the sympathetic adrenal response, reduce stomach contents, and increase pH levels.
- Medications to stop before anesthesia: Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, oral vitamin K antagonists, anti-angina drugs in cardiac patients, Isoniazid , appetite suppressant drugs (amphetamines), long-acting oral hypoglycemic agents, hormonal treatments, and nutritional supplements.
Blood Transfusion
- Storage requirements: no storage longer than 3 weeks (21 days).
- Patient history: Previous blood transfusions and previous blood/plasma allergic reactions must be asked about in the patient's medical history.
Airway Management
- Intubation: Requires laryngoscope, airway suction equipment, syringes for inflating the tube, and a stylet.
- Types of ET tubes: Low-pressure, high-volume, high-pressure, low-volume.
- Assessment: visual inspection, auscultation (for symmetrical breath sounds), and CO2 monitoring.
Anesthesia Types
- General Anesthesia: Used for long procedures, abdominal surgeries, thoracic surgeries (in lateral position), head and neck procedures, and situations involving a full stomach (for protection against aspiration).
- Regional Anesthesia: Used for surgeries below the neck, including spinal, epidural, and caudal procedures.
Complications
- Intubation: aspiration, hemodynamic disturbances (tachycardia, hypertension, arrhythmias), laryngeal spasm and swelling, and possible tube displacement.
- Anesthesia: hypotension, arrhythmias, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, and other adverse effects.
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Description
هذا الدليل يغطي مواضيع متنوعة تتعلق بالتخدير، بما في ذلك تحضير المرضى للجراحة، والأدوية المستخدمة، وإدارة مجرى الهواء، والإنعاش القلبي الرئوي. يعد هذا المحتوى مرجعاً مهماً للامتحانات الوطنية في التخدير.
