DLW-1 Opcode and Instruction Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which operation is represented by the opcode '011'?

  • Load
  • Subtract
  • Store (correct)
  • Add

    • All instructions must be represented in hexadecimal notation to run a program.

    False

    What is the purpose of an opcode?

    It designates a different operation in machine language instructions.

    The binary values representing both the opcodes and the register codes are arranged in one number of a _____ format.

    <p>16-bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following register names with their binary codes:

    <p>A = 00 B = 01 C = 10 D = 11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the load instruction in DLW-1?

    <p>To load data from main memory into registers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The store instruction retrieves data from a register and loads it into main memory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instruction 'add A, B, C' do in DLW-1?

    <p>Adds the contents of registers A and B and stores the result in register C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The arithmetic instructions require ___ source registers as input.

    <p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following DLW-1 instructions with their descriptions:

    <p>load = Load data from main memory into a register store = Store data from a register to main memory add = Perform an arithmetic addition of two registers immediate value = Explicit numerical value used in arithmetic instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of words in the memory of the first generation computers?

    <p>4096 words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is responsible for storing data in a computer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CPU stand for?

    <p>Central Processing Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three fundamental functions a computer performs are reading, modification, and __________.

    <p>writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following operations with their corresponding symbols:

    <p>Addition = + Subtraction = - Multiplication = * Division = /</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stored in each memory word in the first generation computers?

    <p>Two 20-bit instructions or a 40-bit signed integer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The microprocessor is commonly called the arithmetic logic unit (ALU).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does mode bit 0 indicate in an instruction format?

    <p>Register-type instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The machine instruction for 'add A, B, C' is represented as 0000000110000000.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What binary instruction is produced from the operation 'sub C, D, A'?

    <p>0001101100000000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The instruction format for loading a number will have bits 4 and 5 set to ______.

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following arithmetic instructions with their machine instruction representations:

    <p>add A, B, C = 0000000110000000 sub C, D, A = 0001101100000000 add 5, A, C = 1000001000000101 add 25, A, C = 1000001000011001</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents an immediate type instruction format?

    <p>The mode bit is set to 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The machine language format for an instruction includes an opcode, source, and destination.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the binary instruction for 'add 25, A, C'?

    <p>1000001000011001</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In arithmetic instructions with immediate value, an _______ value is included.

    <p>8-bit immediate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a load instruction, what is the source type?

    <p>Immediate type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the binary representation of the immediate load instruction 'load #12, A'?

    <p>10100000 00001100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a register-type load instruction, bits 6 and 7 of the machine representation are set to ______.

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The register-relative addressing mode for a load instruction uses the base address and offset stored in the first byte of the instruction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following binary instruction formats with their corresponding instruction types:

    <p>10100000 00001100 = Immediate load 00000001 10000000 = Register-type add 10111000 00001110 = Immediate store</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'Source1' field in the machine language format of a store instruction?

    <p>The 'Source1' field indicates the register containing the data to be stored to memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The machine language format for a ______ instruction is similar to the immediate-type format for a load instruction, but with the base address and offset stored in the second byte of the instruction.

    <p>register-relative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The destination field in a store instruction specifies the register containing the data to be stored.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following instructions uses register-relative addressing?

    <p>store R2, A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ALU in the computation process?

    <p>To perform arithmetic and logic operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Main memory is always situated very close to the ALU.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What three steps are performed during the addition of two numbers in the registers?

    <p>Read contents of A and B, add contents of A and B, write result to register C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main memory stores data that the computer __________ on.

    <p>operates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their functions:

    <p>Registers = Temporary storage for operands Main Memory = Stores data for computation ALU = Performs arithmetic and logic operations Memory Bus = Connects CPU to main memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a user manage when working with a computer's components?

    <p>Flow of information between main memory and CPU's registers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Registers are external components of the microprocessor.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is responsible for performing addition using the values from the registers.

    <p>ALU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Basic Computer System Architecture

    • Course title: Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Data Science and Artificial Intelligence
    • Course code: DA 107
    • Institution: Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

    First Generation Computers & Architecture

    • ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) was designed and developed by Prof. John Mauchley and J. Presper Eckert
    • ENIAC employed 18,000 vacuum tubes and 1500 relays
    • It weighed 30 tons and consumed 140 kW of power
    • It had 20 registers, each holding a 10-digit decimal number
    • Programming involved setting up 6000 multi-position switches and connecting sockets
    • Built around 1946
    • EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was the successor to ENIAC
    • John von Neumann recognized the inefficiency of programming computers with switches and cables
    • He proposed a design where programs and data are stored in the computer's memory
    • This design, known as the von Neumann machine, remained the basis for computer architecture for decades

    Basic Computing Concepts

    • The heart of a modern computer is the microprocessor, often called the CPU
    • Computers receive input in the form of streams of instructions (code) and data
    • Common operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
    • These operations are continuously performed on data. The output stream consists of results from these operations
    • Fundamental functions of a computer include reading, modifying, and writing. To perform these tasks, computers need storage, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and a bus
    • Storage: The area where data is held and can be retrieved
    • ALU: Performs arithmetic operations on data
    • Bus: A network of transmission lines for data transfer between the ALU and storage

    The Register File

    • Most computers have a small number of storage locations (registers) to quickly store data used by the ALU
    • Early x86 computers only had eight registers
    • These registers are arranged in a register file, storing data needed by the instruction stream.
    • This data is obtained from and written to source and destination registers respectively

    RAM

    • A set of registers is not enough for large-scale computation. For practical computation, large storage space is needed
    • This larger storage space is called main memory, often using RAM (Random Access Memory) in modern computers
    • RAM stores data used for computations. Small portions of this data are moved to registers for easier access by the ALU
    • Main memory is far away from the ALU and the ALU handles data transfer using the memory bus

    Computation

    • Computers use a combination of main memory, registers, and the ALU to execute operations.
    • Data (operands) is loaded into registers
    • Arithmetic operations are executed on the data within the ALU
    • Results are stored back in main memory

    A Closer Look At The Code Stream

    • A code stream is an ordered sequence of instructions that dictates the computer's actions
    • Instructions are commands, telling the computer precisely how to process data (not just the ALU)
    • Instructions encompass simple arithmetic operations and various specialized operations
    • Operations are categorized in two main types:
      • Arithmetic instructions, performed by the ALU (add, subtract, multiply, divide)
      • Memory-access instructions: deal with main memory (load from, store to)

    DLW-1's Arithmetic Instruction Format and Memory Instruction Format

    • DLW-1's arithmetic instructions employ a specific format where instructions are broken down into source1, source2, and destination fields, determining the operation type (e.g., plus or minus) and location of operands and results
    • Instructions are also categorized into immediate- and register-types
    • An example program demonstrated how memory loading and arithmetic were performed on a computer called DLW-1. The instruction format was explained.

    The Store Instruction

    • The register-type format for a store instruction matches that of a load instruction, but the destination field specifies the storage register
    • Source1 specifies the register that contains data to be stored in memory.
    • Immediate-type store instructions have a format similar to load instructions but with a destination field

    Example Programs

    • Assembly language instructions are shown, corresponding to their machine language equivalents.

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    Basic Computer System Architecture Lecture PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the DLW-1 instruction set, opcodes, and the functions of the central processing unit (CPU). This quiz covers key concepts such as the purpose of opcodes, memory operations, and arithmetic instructions. Perfect for students studying computer architecture and assembly language.

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