Untitled Quiz

De-Escalation of Response

• Police officers must de-escalate when suspects comply, cooperate or surrender.
• Officers must remain vigilant for possible escalation, adapting appropriately.

Responsibility of the Police Officer in Charge

• The officer in charge is responsible for observing the Force Continuum
• The officer in charge must control all personnel to protect lives and property.

Use of Firearms During Police Operations

• Firearms use is justified when an offender poses imminent danger to officers or others.
• Self-defense, defending a relative or stranger are also justified if a real threat exists.
• Firing at moving vehicles is prohibited unless the vehicle's occupants pose an imminent danger. The officer should consider intent to harm, capability to harm, and proximity to other persons.

Incident Reporting After Use of Firearm

• Officers who use their firearm in a confrontation must submit an incident report.

Procedures After Armed Confrontation

• Secure the scene.
• Check for continued danger.
• Take photos.
• Immediately evacuate any wounded, regardless of injury severity, to the nearest hospital.
• Isolate arrested suspects.
• Debrief all involved personnel.
• Submit the after-operations report.
• Ensure psychological counselling for involved personnel.

Police Patrol Procedures

• Patrol is the backbone of a police force.
• It's the basic unit that cannot be eliminated, especially in times of fiscal crises.
• Patrol officers interact with the public most frequently, serving as the primary representative.
• Patrol is the initial response for any incident, whether major crime, injury or disturbance.
• Patrol officers are the only member involved in virtually every situation.

Patrol

• A guard's regular rounds are a form of patrolling to maintain order and protect.
• A team's assigned tour of duty—either for reconnaissance or protection—is also patrolling.

Patrol Goal and Objectives

• Maintain order and protect life and property.
• Prevent crimes: Omnipresence, responding to calls, and community partnerships.
• Arrest and prosecute offenders.

Recovering Stolen/Missing Property

• Police act as a lost-and-found service for lost or missing objects.

Assisting the Sick and Injured

• Police are the first responders and most accessible authority to assist victims of accidents or emergencies.

Enforcing Non-Criminal Regulations

• Police will solve problems when other government offices are closed or when needed.

Delivering Services Not Available Elsewhere

• Police provide support during emergencies like traffic control, evacuations, and emergencies.

Factors Affecting Patrol Operations (External)

• Public trust and confidence.
• Public participation in patrol activities.
• Support from barangay officials.

Factors Affecting Patrol Operations (Internal)

• Higher pay.
• Endorsement by higher authorities.

Factors Influencing Decision-Making (Operational Level)

• Community input.
• Situational factors (environmental factors).
• Pressure from supervisors and peers.
• Personal perception of alternatives.
• Educational and experiential factors.

Importance of Patrol

• Patrol units are crucial to police departments.
• Patrols are the core of police operations
• Patrols enhance community safety.
• Patrol officers are the essential human element of the police force.

Basic Patrol Theories

• Police omnipresence: High visibility discourages crime.
• Low police profile: Low visibility maximizes crime-solving opportunities.

Police Visibility Patrols (OPLAN LAGING HANDA)

• Mobile detachment: A foot patrol team with a control point and visibility points (2-6).
• Control point: Central location for the team's vehicle and personnel.
• Visibility points: Vantage points around the control point.

Patrol Guidelines

• Briefing and debriefing.
• Firearms and equipment check.
• Safety precautions.
• Patrol route planning based on crime trends.
• Proper traffic rules and regulations Compliance with community needs.
• Observance in the community.
• Awareness of conditions, events.
• Places and details.

Patrol Observational Skills

• Be observant of atypical occurrences, people, places, conditions and people and situations.
• Take note of actions by troubled/mentally ill persons, and troublemakers.
• Report observations to the correct authorities.

Patrol Supervisor Duties

• Creating a patrolling plan, outlining areas, personnel, duration, and stand-by locations.
• Designating the members of each patrol team.
• Performing pre-operational checks of personnel and equipment.
• Conducts briefings prior to dispatch.
• Communicating regularly with the headquarters about patrol activities.
• Preparing status reports.
• Holding post-patrol debriefings.

Patrol Officer's Duties

• Attendance at pre-tour and post-tour debriefings.
• Patrol assigned areas observing for suspicious individuals, activities, and locations.
• Monitoring and reporting disturbances in public areas.
• Assisting other agencies and personnel when required.
• Maintaining public order and enforcing relevant ordinances.
• Maintaining rapport with the public.

Guidelines and Procedures When Responding to Police Assistance

• Documenting call details (nature, time, date, caller).
• Validating the call before responding.
• Adapting the approach based on call type (haste/secrecy, lights/sirens).
• Considering pertinent factors (time, traffic, damage potential, situation).
• Activating appropriate communication and protection systems (BWCs/ARDs) based on policy.
• Ensuring safety distance.

Guidelines and Procedures When Responding to Police Assistance

• Immediate prioritization of assisting the injured and investigating the crime.
• Identifying and interviewing possible witnesses and victims.
• Contacting necessary agencies and teams as the situation requires to take care of the evidence and/or scene that must be handled with extra care (e.g., explosives).
• Ensuring the safety of officers and the public and/or resolving minor cases involving local parties immediately.
• Acting as necessary in the case of crime related to domestic violence, disputes, etc., by getting support from all relevant agencies.
• Dealing with special calls for dealing with infectious diseases, cybercrime, hostages, etc.

Horse Patrol

• A traditional form of patrol with a historical significance in responding to certain terrains.
• Useful in specific situations for crowd control, search, and patrol in mountainous or difficult-to-reach areas
• It has the disadvantage of being more expensive than other transportation modes.

K-9s in Police Operations

• Provide assistance in search and rescue, drug detection, and bomb detection.
• Provide protection.
• Valuable asset in crowd control.
• Assist in detecting bodies in emergencies.
• Used in demonstrations.
• The primary disadvantage is cost (training, upkeep, etc.

Aircraft Patrol

• Using aircraft (helicopters or fixed-wing) for surveillance and response.
• Enhancing situational awareness, response time, and mobility in wide areas.
• Providing cost-effective coverage for areas that are hard to reach due to rough terrain.

Mobile Patrol

• Utilizing automobiles, that offer a high degree of mobility and flexibility.
• Useful in high population density, traffic congestion, and high-crime areas.
• Offering better protection for officers.
• Allowing for the transportation of equipment and support.

Advantages of Mobile Patrol

• Speed and mobility in large areas.
• Effective in deterring crime by increasing police visibility.
• Physical and psychological security for officers.
• Transportation of additional equipment.
• Safety enhanced during pursuit of criminals.

General Guidelines in Mobile Patrol

• Thorough pre-departure inspections of patrol vehicles.
• Avoidance of fixed routes.
• Monitoring of suspicious vehicles.
• Minimizing time at unnecessary locations (coffee shops, etc.).
• Regular exits from the patrol vehicle to observe.
• Frequent checks of potentially hazardous areas (parking lots, alleys, etc.).
• Collaboration between patrol officers and dispatch/HQ for real-time updates.

One-Man Versus Two-Man Mobile Patrol

• Officers in solo patrols are more focused on their tasks and the area.
• Personality conflicts can be reduced.
• Develop self-reliance and confidence.
• Two-man patrols provide opportunities for reliance on each other.
• Sometimes this can decrease the overall effectiveness and decision-making skills.

Two-Man Car Patrol

• One-man mistakes should be corrected by a partner.
• Two sets of eyes on the task are an advantage.
• Physical fitness and morale are positively affected by sharing responsibilities.
• The safety factor is increased with a second officer;
• Communication and awareness are increased.

Bicycle Patrol

• Effective for areas with limited or constrained coverage, like parks, residential areas.
• Approachable and more likely to interact with pedestrians.
• Improves accessibility in populated areas with significant foot traffic.

Motorcycle Patrol

• Extremely adaptable for various tasks like traffic control, parades, and escort duty.

Marine/Bay/River Patrol

• Water patrol is specialized using water crafts (boat, etc.) for areas with significant water traffic.
• Useful in anti-smuggling operations, robberies, and other crime situations affecting waterfront areas.

Warrant of Arrest

• A written order authorizing an arrest.
• The warrant must be implemented within 10 days.
• The arresting officer must submit a report and, if the warrant isn't implemented.

Arrest

• The taking of a person into custody.
• Warrantless arrests when crimes are witnessed and committed in the officer's presence.

Types of Arrest

• Warrant-based arrest: The existence of a warrant is the prerequisite.
• Warrantless arrest: Committed during a felony, or when probable cause exists (in the officer's presence).
• Arrest during an escape
• Arrest after a violation of probation or parole
• Cases following deportation proceedings

Procedures in Serving a Warrant of Arrest

• Verifying warrant's validity
• Proper Officer identification
• Notifying the subject, recording the arrest with the proper authorities
• Establishing authority
• Gaining entry (announced)
• Securing the suspect.

Procedures in Serving a Warrant of Arrest

• Searching for weapons and illegal materials
• Informing the subject of their rights (e.g., Miranda rights)
• Preventing unnecessary force.
• Documentation of evidence
• Transporting arrested person to proper authorities
• Filing necessary reporting and documentation.

Arrest without a Warrant

• Arrest of individuals committing crimes or attempting to commit them
• Circumstances where an offense has just been committed
• Confinement (e.g., jail)
• Violation of a conditional release
• Evasion of a sentence
• Deportation procedures.

Effecting Warrantless Arrest

• Using available communication and protection systems (BWC/ARDs).
• Notifying the person being arrested.
• Reciting of rights (Miranda rights)
• Securing the arrested person.
• Searching for weapons and/or illegal materials
• Proper documentation of seized items.

Physical/Medical Examination of Arrested Person/Suspect

• Before detaining, the arrested person must be examined by a medical doctor.
• Female suspects should be attended to by a female medical doctor.

Booking of Arrested Suspects

• Immediately recording the arrest with the DO.
• Thorough body search, noting any illegal items found.
• Medical examination request preparation.
• Transporting suspects to the designated hospital for examination..
• The officer escorts the suspect and returns them to the station once it is done.

Responsibilities of Personnel During the Booking of Arrested Suspects

• Documentation of arrest details
• Thorough body searches if minors and/or women are involved
• Preparing for medical examinations and ensuring prompt transport.
• Documentation of the medical examination results, and.
• Other tasks that need to be finished by the appointed officers.

Affidavit of Search and Submission of Recordings

• Filing the affidavit once the search process is complete and properly documented.
• Providing detailed descriptions of timestamps, events, recordings for courts.
• Identifying those with accountability (officers present, and officers who are not available due to issues or lack).
• Filing forms with pertinent information (affidavits, and/or documents for courts, evidence, and locations for documentation.)

Validity of Search Warrant

• The warrant remains valid for ten days.
• Continued search during this period is permissible as long as the objective is achieved.

Time of Search

• Searches should be conducted during the day unless otherwise specified in the warrant..

Applications for Search Warrant

• Recording of approved applications (applicant's name, respondent, offense, date).
• Including relevant information (office, officer, location to be searched, items to be taken, sketches).
• Requiring the Chief of Office's approval.

Authority of Police Officers When Conducting a Search

• Police authority to conduct searches mainly comes from court-issued warrants.
• When a warrant is involved, the police have the right to break open doors or any part of a building to gain entry if necessary.

Use of BWC During a Search

• At least one BWC/ARD is mandatory to record searches.
• Recording must start upon arrival and end when the search is completed and the officers leave.
• A conspicuous location for the device.

Notification During a Search

• Informing parties (occupants/family) about the legal search..
• Avoiding the search of specific items (personal property) if not explicitly mentioned in the warrant..

Inventory and Delivery of Property Seized

• Detailed receipts of seized property must be given to property owners/occupants or a barangay official.
• Copies of these receipts are required to be filed with courts..

Downloading Data from BWC/ARD

• Records will be transferred to a Data Custodian as soon as the search is concluded..
• These recordings must be encrypted for security purposes.
• Immediate submission to the court following redaction and/or securing of any associated metadata.

Limit Viewing Access of Recordings

• Access is limited to specific individuals..
• Individuals with rights/interests in the case should be granted appropriate access..
• Access control prevents unauthorized individuals from viewing the recordings and safeguarding personal details..

General Guidelines for Warrant of Arrest (POP-Manual 2011)

• Arrests must be based on a valid warrant; warrantless arrests may be performed under some conditions detailed in the law
• No unnecessary force may be used during an arrest
• Arrests may take place during any day or time
• Arrest procedures for persons already in detention must be followed by proper documentation.

Authority of the Arresting Officer When Making an Arrest

• The officer may gather necessary assistance.
• The officer may break in if access is denied.
• The officer may leave the area if necessary.

Duties of the Arresting Officer

• Ensuring appropriate equipment (minimum 2 devices).
• Properly capturing and documenting events throughout the arrest.
• Delivering the arrested person immediately to appropriate authorities.

Requisites for the Issuance of a Search Warrant

• A warrant is only issued when a judge finds probable cause.
• The warrant must specifically mention items, places, and people involved in the crime..
• Properties related to the crime are included in the warrant description..

Validity of a Search Warrant

• Warrants are valid for ten days.
• Extensions are possible if the warrant objective has not been accomplished within the initial period.

Time of Search

• Searches must be conducted during the day unless otherwise noted in the warrant.

Applications for Search Warrant

• Logging search warrant applications in official books.
• Documenting applicant information, subject of search, specific details, location, and other significant information.
• Submitting applications for search warrants to the Chief of the Police office or relevant/appropriate authority

Authority of Police Officers When Conducting a Search

• Justification for search activity is required.
• The police must notify occupants in the premises of the search procedure in compliance with laws.
• Specific procedures and steps will vary depending on whether it is a warrant-based or warrantless search (consented).

Use of BWC During a Search

• Mandatory use of both BWC and ARD during a search (or if not available, at least two ARDs).

Notification During a Search

• Informing lawful occupants in advance of the search (names of officers, purpose, and process).
• Establishing a record of such notifications/contacts for accountability. No personal items/properties should be taken aside from those specified/mentioned in the official documents (warrant) .