Advancing Age And Menopause ppt
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of menopause?

  • Cessation of menstruation due to lifestyle changes
  • Failure of ovarian follicular development despite gonadotropin stimulation (correct)
  • Overproduction of ovarian follicles
  • Increased levels of estrogen

    • Which demographic is suggested to experience a longer symptomatic window during menopause?

  • Black women (correct)
  • White women
  • Hispanic women
  • Asian women

    • What generally remains after menopause from the original number of follicles present at birth?

  • Approximately 5,000
  • Approximately 100
  • Approximately 50,000
  • Approximately 1,000 (correct)

    • What factor is associated with earlier menopause?

    <p>Family history of early menopause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the median age of perimenopause onset?

    <p>47.5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of menopause is characterized by tissue destruction due to autoimmune factors?

    <p>Autoimmune menopause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the physiologic period in a woman's life during which there is regression of ovarian function?

    <p>Climacteric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of atresia on follicular loss as women age?

    <p>Atresia accelerates around age 37</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the stated reason for stopping the Women's Health Initiative study early?

    <p>Increased risk of invasive breast cancer due to combined hormone therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the findings regarding estrogen plus progestin compared to placebo?

    <p>Increased risk of breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is approved by the FDA for managing hot flashes?

    <p>Paroxetine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for bisphosphonates in osteoporosis treatment?

    <p>Decrease osteoclast activity to reduce bone breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What long-term risk is associated with bisphosphonate use?

    <p>Atypical femoral fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding hormone replacement therapy for patients with a uterus?

    <p>Estrogen must be combined with progestin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a known side effect of taking bisphosphonates?

    <p>Aggravation of esophagitis and gastritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should clinicians approach hormone replacement therapy for symptomatic relief?

    <p>Individualize the treatment based on each patient's needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk of prolonged unopposed estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women?

    <p>Increased risk of breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is least likely to improve with intravaginal estrogen therapy for GUSM?

    <p>Hot flashes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of menopausal women are estimated to experience symptoms of vaginal atrophy?

    <p>30-40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a common risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?

    <p>Regular exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of fracture in postmenopausal women?

    <p>Vertebral fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential side effect is commonly associated with hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms?

    <p>Unexplained vaginal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone replacement therapy option is specifically recommended for treating local urogenital symptoms?

    <p>Intravaginal estrogen therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by urethral irritation, causing urgency and frequency without a urinary tract infection?

    <p>Atrophic cystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is considered a contraindication for hormone replacement therapy?

    <p>History of breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the accelerated rate of bone loss typically observed in the first few years after menopause?

    <p>1-2% per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormone replacement therapy avoids the first pass effect, potentially lowering VTE risk?

    <p>Transdermal patches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a known effect of estrogen supplementation in postmenopausal women?

    <p>Increased skin elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about hormone therapy is correct?

    <p>The lowest effective dose is always recommended for hormone therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with an increased likelihood of menopause-related skin changes?

    <p>Decreased epidermal thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary change occurs to ovarian follicles during perimenopause?

    <p>The number of follicles decreases substantially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone that inhibin suppresses?

    <p>FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically observed in Day 3 FSH testing that indicates reduced ovarian reserve?

    <p>FSH levels above 11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone ratio is expected to decrease after menopause?

    <p>E2:E1 ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change does a hot flash involve?

    <p>Dilation of peripheral blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age range does fertility in women typically begin to decline?

    <p>Age 35-37</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with the decrease in estrogen during menopause?

    <p>Increased fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to circulating estrogen levels during menopause?

    <p>Decrease drastically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs in the cardiovascular system post-menopause?

    <p>Increased incidence of coronary heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines the signs and symptoms of menopause?

    <p>Decreased estrogen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ systems are affected by the decline in estrogen during menopause?

    <p>Multiple organ systems including cardiovascular, urogenital, and skeletal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misunderstanding regarding estrogen level testing during menopause?

    <p>Estrogen levels can reliably predict ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological event does vasomotor instability during menopause lead to?

    <p>Hot flashes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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