Untitled Quiz

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Which type of receptor primarily responds to noradrenaline in the sympathetic nervous system?

Adrenergic receptors (correct)
Peptidergic receptors
Muscarinic receptors
Cholinergic receptors

What neurotransmitter is predominantly released by postganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Noradrenaline (correct)
Serotonin
GABA
Acetylcholine

In pharmacological interventions targeting the sympathetic nervous system, which of the following is most likely to increase vascular resistance?

Beta-agonists
Muscarinic antagonists
Alpha-antagonists
Alpha-agonists (correct)

What potential dysfunction could arise from excessive sympathetic activation, particularly affecting the blood vessels?

Hypertension (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism usually couples adrenergic receptors to intracellular effects upon activation?

G protein coupling (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about adrenergic receptors is correct?

All adrenergic receptors are GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors). (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism for the termination of neurotransmitter action in the autonomic nervous system?

Enzymatic degradation in the synaptic cleft. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which pharmacological intervention would most likely increase parasympathetic activity?

Muscarinic agonists. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Autonomic dysfunction may result from damage to which of the following areas?

Medulla and Pons. (C) Signup and view all the answers

G protein coupling in adrenergic receptors primarily affects which of the following?

Second messenger systems. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

Norepinephrine. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following effects is primarily mediated by the sympathetic nervous system?

Dilation of the pupils. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes the sympathetic nervous system from the parasympathetic system?

Sympathetic responses involve increased metabolic activity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is predominantly released by the adrenal medulla?

Epinephrine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the adrenergic receptors involved in the sympathetic nervous system?

They are associated with norepinephrine and epinephrine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism primarily terminates the action of norepinephrine at adrenergic receptors?

Reuptake into presynaptic neurons (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure serves as a modified sympathetic ganglion?

Adrenal medulla (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the nervous system are the preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division mainly located?

Craniosacral region (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between G protein coupling and adrenergic receptor signaling?

Adrenergic receptors can couple with various G proteins depending on the type (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nerve fibers are present in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Short and myelinated preganglionic fibers along with long unmyelinated postganglionic fibers (D) Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter is primarily released by sweat glands under sympathetic control?

Acetylcholine (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does autonomic dysfunction typically manifest in relation to the sympathetic division?

As a decreased ability to respond to stress (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Enhances 'Rest & Digest' (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes dual innervation in visceral organs?

Each division exerts opposite effects on the same organ (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in sympathetic responses during emergencies?

Norepinephrine (C) Signup and view all the answers

During the 'Fight or Flight' response, which physiological change is primarily mediated by the sympathetic nervous system?

Increased heart rate (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the mechanism of G-protein coupling function in neurotransmitter signaling?

By activating second messengers (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the termination of neurotransmitter action in autonomic pathways?

It primarily involves metabolic breakdown within the synaptic cleft (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the autonomic dysfunction in individuals with an overactive sympathetic nervous system?

Heightened responsiveness to stress (D) Signup and view all the answers

What potential effect does pharmacological intervention targeting adrenergic receptors have on the cardiovascular system?

Increased heart rate through beta-1 receptor agonism (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition might typically represent an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system's dual innervation?

Tachycardia occurring during resting conditions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to organ function during stress due to sympathetic activation?

Increased blood flow to skeletal muscles (C) Signup and view all the answers

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

The involuntary part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates internal organs like the heart and digestive system, maintaining homeostasis.

Dual Innervation

Most internal organs receive nerve signals from both sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system.

Sympathetic Nervous System

A branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses, increasing heart rate and blood pressure.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A branch of the autonomic nervous system that promotes "rest and digest" responses, slowing down heart rate and promoting digestion.