Biología. Tema 1

<p>La información sensorial que llega al sistema nervioso central (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmitir señales del sistema nervioso central al cuerpo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibras nerviosas aferentes y eferentes que regulan la actividad muscular voluntaria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regula funciones involuntarias del cuerpo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Señales de respuesta al estrés y la emergencia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promover la relajación y la restauración (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjunto de nervios asociados al sistema nervioso central (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>31 pares (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estimular y movilizar los recursos energéticos en situaciones de emergencia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>El sistema periférico somático tiene una única motoneurona que proyecta del SNC al músculo esquelético, mientras que el sistema periférico autónomo tiene dos fases: neurona preganglionar + neurona postganglionar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aumento de flujo sanguíneo en músculos, dilatación pupilar, secreción de glándulas sudoríparas, aumento de frecuencia cardiaca (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuronas postganglionares (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regula actividades involucradas en el incremento o conservación de la energía almacenada (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>En los núcleos de algunos nervios craneales o en el asta intermedia de la sustancia gris de médula sacra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constricción pupilar, secreción lacrimal, secreción salival, activación de aparato digestivo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibir la actividad del sistema digestivo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>El sistema periférico somático tiene una única motoneurona, mientras que el sistema periférico autónomo tiene dos fases: neurona preganglionar + neurona postganglionar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>En la sustancia gris de médula espinal torácica y lumbar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuronas postganglionares (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constricción pupilar, secreción lacrimal, activación de aparato digestivo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular actividades involucradas en el incremento de energía almacenada (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>En ganglios parasimpáticos situados próximos a los órganos inervados (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aumento de flujo sanguíneo en músculos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of all the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.

Cranial nerves are 12 pairs of nerves that originate from the brainstem and control sensory and motor functions of the head and neck.

Spinal nerves are 31 pairs of nerves that originate from the spinal cord and control sensory and motor functions of the body.

Afferent nerves carry sensory information from the body to the central nervous system (CNS).

Efferent nerves carry motor commands from the CNS to the body.

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary muscle movements.

The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions, like breathing, heart rate, and digestion.

The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses to stressful situations.

The parasympathetic nervous system promotes relaxation and energy conservation, returning the body to its resting state.

The sympathetic nervous system releases the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, which triggers the 'fight or flight' response.

The parasympathetic nervous system releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

The sympathetic system increases heart rate and blood flow to muscles during stress.

The parasympathetic system slows heart rate and promotes digestion.

Preganglionic neurons are neurons with their cell bodies in the CNS, and their axons project to the autonomic ganglia.

Postganglionic neurons are neurons with their cell bodies in the autonomic ganglia, and their axons project to target organs.

The somatic nervous system has a direct connection between the CNS and skeletal muscles.

The autonomic nervous system has a two-neuron pathway – preganglionic and postganglionic neurons.

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons originate in the brainstem and sacral regions of the spinal cord.

The sympathetic nervous system dilates the pupils.

The parasympathetic nervous system constricts the pupils.

Sympathetic nerve stimulation increases the heart rate.

Parasympathetic nerve stimulation decreases the heart rate.

The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the release of sweat.

The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates digestion by increasing activity in the digestive system.

The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the release of saliva.