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Questions and Answers
What is a primary characteristic of divine law?
What is a primary characteristic of divine law?
Which of the following is NOT a concept associated with divine law?
Which of the following is NOT a concept associated with divine law?
In Hinduism, which term represents the moral order of the universe?
In Hinduism, which term represents the moral order of the universe?
Which variant of egoism claims that individuals are primarily motivated by self-interest?
Which variant of egoism claims that individuals are primarily motivated by self-interest?
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Ayn Rand is known for promoting which type of egoism?
Ayn Rand is known for promoting which type of egoism?
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What does ethical egoism assert regarding morality?
What does ethical egoism assert regarding morality?
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Which of the following describes psychological egoism?
Which of the following describes psychological egoism?
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How does divine law influence legal systems in some countries?
How does divine law influence legal systems in some countries?
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Study Notes
Divine Law
- Divine law is a set of moral and ethical standards believed to be given by God.
- It's immutable and eternal, with universal application.
- Divine law is expressed through sacred texts.
- Moral absolutism is a characteristic of divine law.
Divine Law in Major Religions
- Christianity: The "Golden Rule" – treat others as you want to be treated.
- Islam: Sharia, derived from the Quran and Hadith (sayings and actions of the Prophet). The Sharia contains 613 commandments for Muslims.
- Judaism: Jewish law (Halakha) contains 613 commandments for Jews.
- Hinduism: Dharma represents the moral order of the universe and one's duty within it.
Role of Divine Law in Society
- Divine law has influenced legal systems, ethics, and moral codes throughout history.
- In some societies, religious law continues to be central to legal systems, such as in Islamic countries where Sharia is part of the legal code.
Egoism
- Egoism is the theory that one's self is, or should be, the motivation and goal of one's own actions.
Variants of Egoism
- Descriptive egoism: Describes how people actually behave, as self-interested.
- Normative egoism: Suggests that people should be motivated by self-interest, regardless of the reasons for their current motivation.
Psychological Egoism
- Psychological egoism describes human nature as wholly self-centered and self-motivated.
- Desire-based: Humans always act to satisfy their desires.
- Objective: Humans always act to pursue certain objectives.
Rational Egoism
- Rational egoism claims that promoting one's own interests is always in accordance with reason.
Ayn Rand and Egoism
- Ayn Rand, a proponent of rational egoism, argues that properly defined selfishness rejects the sacrificial ethics of Western religions.
- She argues that self-interest/selfishness is a virtue
Ethical Egoism
- Ethical egoism supports the promotion of one's own good in accordance with morality.
Conditional Egoism
- Conditional egoism suggests that acting in one's self-interest is morally acceptable only under certain conditions, if it leads to morally acceptable outcomes.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts and applications of divine law across major religions including Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Hinduism. This quiz delves into moral absolutism, sacred texts, and the societal roles of divine law throughout history. Test your knowledge on how these principles shape ethical standards and legal systems.
