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Questions and Answers
According to Divine Command Theory, where does the authority reside to determine what is right and wrong?
Which source is considered to hold the will of God for Christians according to the text?
What is assumed to be absolutely true by the community of believers according to the text?
Where was Emmanuel Levinas born according to the text?
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What philosophical work by Martin Heidegger influenced Levinas as mentioned in the text?
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During which event was Levinas influenced to develop his philosophy as described in the text?
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According to natural law theory, what should be the governing principle or standard of morality?
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Who is one of the most significant philosophers associated with natural law theory?
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According to Saint Thomas of Aquinas, what is the end of human life?
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Which philosopher greatly influenced the writings and philosophies of Saint Thomas of Aquinas?
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What does Divine Command Theory propose as the source of morality?
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Levinas' morality emphasizes responsibility towards what?
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Legalism is also known as ____________.
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In Legalism, the morality of an act is dictated by ____________.
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What does Article III of the Civil Code state regarding ignorance of the law?
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What was the capital punishment for criminals in the Philippines when death penalty was still in effect?
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What is the authority to be followed in Legalism?
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How can one attain eternal happiness according to the text?
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Study Notes
Divine Command Theory
- The authority of morality resides in God, who determines what is right and wrong.
- The will of God can be found in Holy Scriptures, such as the Holy Bible for Christians and the Koran for Muslims.
- Other religions also use manuscripts as their source of teachings and commands of God.
Levinas' Moral Responsibility and Care
- Emmanuel Levinas was a prominent European Jewish philosopher.
- His philosophical writings are considered an important part of the history of philosophy.
- Levinas was born in Kaunas, Lithuania, and studied philosophy at Strasbourg, where he met Maurice Blanchot and Charles Blondel.
- He was influenced by Edmund Husserl's Logical Investigations and Martin Heidegger's work, Being and Time.
- Levinas' philosophy was influenced by his experiences during World War II, including his imprisonment in a labor camp and the massacre of his family by the Nazis.
Legalism
- Also known as Human Positive Law, Legalistic Morality, and Legal Law.
- Morality of an act is dictated by the laws created by humans.
- Law is defined as the ordinance of reason promulgated by a competent authority for the sake of the common good.
- Article III of the Civil Code states that "ignorance of the law excuses no one from compliance therewith."
Examples of Legalism
- A person who violates an anti-smoking ordinance in Davao City can be apprehended, regardless of their ignorance of the law.
- In the past, death penalty was implemented in the Philippines for criminals who committed grievous faults, such as murder and homicide.
Additional Ethical Theories
- There are six additional ethical theories: Natural Law Theory, Existentialism, Intuitionism, Emotivism, and Levinas' Morality.
Natural Law Theory
- Asserts that human nature should be the governing principle or standard of morality.
- Saint Thomas of Aquinas, a theologian and Doctor of the Church, presented natural law as an answer to the question of the real nature of man.
- Aquinas' writings were influenced by the Greek philosopher Aristotle.
- According to Aristotle, the end of man is geared towards happiness, and a person acts to achieve happiness in moderation, which represents a moral life.
- For Aquinas, happiness is not only of the mind and body but also of the soul, which can only be achieved with God.
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Description
Test your knowledge about Divine Command Theory, which asserts that moral values are determined by God through Holy Scriptures like the Bible and Quran. Explore how followers of different religions interpret and follow divine laws.
