Week 4.3 Applications of attention
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of task difficulty on the capacity for a secondary task according to the Divided Attention Theory?

  • Reduces capacity (correct)
  • Eliminates the secondary task
  • Has no effect
  • Increases capacity

    • How does experience affect the ability to divide attention according to the Divided Attention Theory?

  • Decreases automaticity
  • Confuses the division of attention
  • Increases automaticity (correct)
  • Does not impact automaticity

    • In what scenario is it harder to divide attention according to resource competition?

  • When there is no competition for resources
  • When there are multiple tasks
  • When stimulus and response are in the same modality (correct)
  • When stimulus and response are in different modalities

    • What is a key characteristic of controlled processes?

    <p>Require conscious focus and sustained attention,Serial processing of stimuli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of automaticity according to the text?

    <p>Freeing up attentional capacity for other tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of process is characterized by being unconscious and requiring no attention?

    <p>Automatic processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of automatic processes in terms of processing stimuli?

    <p>Unconscious, requiring no attention and therefore unlimited capacity, Parallel processing of stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to performance if arousal is too low or too high, according to the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

    <p>Performance suffers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of experiencing optimal arousal based on the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

    <p>Best performance is achieved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of attention does Central Capacity Theory emphasize?

    <p>Attention results from a central processor which is limited in capacity and modulated by arousal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation of Central Capacity Theory is highlighted in the text?

    <p>Inability to address resource competition within modalities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Central Capacity Theory, what type of tasks are considered much easier compared to controlled, novel, or complex tasks?

    <p>Automatic tasks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Central Capacity Theory, what do we seek to maximize in order to enhance performance?

    <p>Attention allocation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of focused visual attention theory?

    <p>We selectively process relevant visual information, Spotlight Improves detection within spotlight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can FOCUSED visual attention be oriented according to the text?

    <p>Overtly and/or covertly AND Actively and/or passively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Covert Orientation of Attention task?

    <p>To measure attentional orientation based on reaction time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Covert Orientation of Attention task, what percentage of trials are presented with valid cues?

    <p>80% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Covert Orientation of Attention task highlight about attention and gaze?

    <p>Attention can be shifted independently of gaze and highlights the importance of expectations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of tasks do experts and novices differ in according to the theory on expert and non-expert attention?

    <p>Perception: Top down processes and Focus on relevant details. Automaticity: More free attentional resources and Chunking. Expectations: Forward planning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of attention, what does 'chunking' primarily refer to based on the theory on expert and non-expert attention?

    <p>Mentally grouping information for easier processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of automatic skilled actions theory, what is a key characteristic of tasks performed smoothly?

    <p>Develop with practice. Performed smoothly. Stimulus driven, not under your control. Are not affected by other activities. Best in familiar environments. No mental effort. Best unmonitored (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environment is deemed best for tasks under automatic skilled actions theory?

    <p>Familiar environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the theory on everyday skilled behaviours, what type of control is deemed necessary for critical decision points?

    <p>Open loop control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are skilled behaviours composed of hierarchically organized?

    <p>Sequences and subroutines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of behaviour control comes in two flavours according to the theory on everyday skilled behaviours?

    <p>Open loop control and closed loop control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is suppression of automatic responses considered difficult?

    <p>Automaticity is deeply ingrained and hard to override (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of losing flexibility in tasks due to automaticity?

    <p>Higher likelihood of errors and everyday slips of action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes automaticity from expertise in terms of information processing?

    <p>Automatic processing involves bottom-up filters, while expertise involves top-down control. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does practice impact the way tasks are performed in both automaticity and expertise?

    <p>Tasks in both automaticity and expertise are facilitated through reduced information processing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is difficulty encountered in the Stroop task according to the text?

    <p>Difficulty arises from the need to suppress automatic responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental characteristic of automatised tasks based on the text?

    <p>They are performed effortlessly and without conscious effort. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can a great deal of higher-order human activities be explained as automatic processes?

    <p>Because automatisation frees up cognitive resources for other tasks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does perceptual judgement improve with practice according to the text?

    <p>Due to increased automaticity in responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of becoming an expert in perception as outlined in the text?

    <p>Enhanced knowledge about the object (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of automaticity differ from rote learning of responses according to Dobbins (2003)?

    <p>Automaticity implies a deeper understanding of the object than rote learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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