CH 3: Diversity of Reproductive Strategies

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What is a key advantage of external fertilization?

Requirement of specific environmental conditions (correct)

Occurs inside the female's body

Higher likelihood of successful fertilization

Limited number of offspring produced

Which type of fertilization involves the release of eggs and sperm into the water?

Internal fertilization

In vitro fertilization

Both internal and external fertilization

External fertilization (correct)

Why is internal fertilization advantageous for terrestrial animals?

Produces a large number of offspring

Higher likelihood of successful fertilization

Allows reproduction without a watery environment (correct)

Requires specific environmental conditions

Which animals commonly practice external fertilization?

Fish and amphibians Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary advantage does internal fertilization provide over external fertilization?

Higher likelihood of sperm meeting egg Signup and view all the answers

Why does external fertilization require specific environmental conditions?

To facilitate the process and protect eggs Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of internal fertilization that aids successful reproduction?

Occurs inside the female's body Signup and view all the answers

Which reproductive mode involves animals laying eggs outside the female's body?

Ovipary Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of vivipary as a reproductive mode?

Provides a controlled environment for development Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental strategy results in offspring that are born blind, naked, and helpless?

Altricial Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant evolutionary advancement for terrestrial vertebrates mentioned in the text?

Amniotic egg Signup and view all the answers

Which animals retain eggs within the mother's body until they are ready to hatch?

Some species of snakes Signup and view all the answers

What does precocial development reduce the burden of for the parents?

Extensive parental care Signup and view all the answers

Which animals give birth to live young?

Mammals Signup and view all the answers

Why is ovipary advantageous in terms of offspring survival?

Allows parents to produce many offspring simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between external fertilization and internal fertilization?

External fertilization requires a watery environment, while internal fertilization does not. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of external fertilization?

Ability to produce a large number of offspring Signup and view all the answers

Why does internal fertilization provide a higher likelihood of successful fertilization?

It leads to a direct sperm meeting egg in the female's body. Signup and view all the answers

Which reproductive strategy enables terrestrial animals to reproduce without needing a watery environment?

Internal fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor for successful external fertilization?

Specific environmental conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fertilization occurs in fish and amphibians?

External fertilization Signup and view all the answers

How does internal fertilization aid in reproductive success?

By facilitating direct sperm meeting egg inside the female's body Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does external fertilization have in terms of offspring production?

Ability to produce a large number of offspring Signup and view all the answers

Why does external fertilization require specific environmental conditions?

To facilitate the process and ensure egg development Signup and view all the answers

In what way does internal fertilization differ from external fertilization?

Internal fertilization has a higher likelihood of successful reproduction than external fertilization. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of ovovivipary?

Offspring are fully developed before birth Signup and view all the answers

Which reproductive mode offers protection to the developing embryo via nutrition and physical barriers until birth?

Vivipary Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of precocial development?

Reduces the burden of parental care Signup and view all the answers

Which animals practice internal fertilization according to the text?

Reptiles Signup and view all the answers

In vertebrates, which developmental strategy leads to offspring that can stand, walk, or swim shortly after birth?

Precocial Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the amniotic egg in terrestrial vertebrates?

To offer protection from dehydration and physical harm Signup and view all the answers

'Most mammals and many birds' are mentioned to have what level of parental care?

"Extensive" Signup and view all the answers

'Nest building, egg guarding, feeding, and teaching' are activities associated with which of the following?

'Extensive' Signup and view all the answers

'The diversity of reproductive strategies among vertebrates is a key aspect of their evolutionary success.' This statement highlights the importance of what?

'Reproductive flexibility' Signup and view all the answers

'Providing protection to the eggs while avoiding the metabolic costs associated with true vivipary' describes which reproductive mode?

'Ovovivipary' Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reproductive modes offers protection to the developing embryo via nutrition and physical barriers until birth?

Vivipary Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between precocial and altricial species in terms of offspring development?

Precocial offspring can stand, walk, or swim shortly after birth, while altricial offspring are born naked and helpless. Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary advantage does the amniotic egg provide for terrestrial vertebrates?

Self-contained aquatic environment for the developing embryo Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is NOT associated with parental care in vertebrates?

Nourishment Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of ovovivipary that differentiates it from both ovipary and vivipary?

Young receive nutrition from egg yolk Signup and view all the answers

Which evolutionary advancement mentioned in the text has allowed reptiles, birds, and certain mammals to reproduce away from water bodies?

Amniotic Egg Signup and view all the answers

'The young receive nutrition from the egg yolk and are born as fully developed, miniature adults.' This statement describes which reproductive mode?

Ovovivipary Signup and view all the answers

'The extent and type of parental care in vertebrates vary widely.' What does this variability directly influence?

Offspring survival rates Signup and view all the answers

'Altricial species produce underdeveloped offspring that require extensive parental care.' Why might this strategy lead to potentially higher brain mass in adulthood?

'Altricial' offspring have longer developmental periods allowing for brain growth Signup and view all the answers

Which reproductive strategy aims to reduce parental care burden by allowing young to fend for themselves against predators early on?

Precocial development Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage of external fertilization compared to internal fertilization?

Higher metabolic costs associated with reproduction Signup and view all the answers

How does external fertilization maximize reproductive success under certain conditions?

By increasing chances of survival through a large number of offspring Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes significantly to the evolutionary success of vertebrates based on their diversity of reproductive strategies?

Adaptation to specific ecological niches Signup and view all the answers

In what way does internal fertilization offer an advantage over external fertilization in terms of reproductive efficiency?

Requires fewer mating attempts for successful fertilization Signup and view all the answers

Considering vertebrates, why is the presence of diverse reproductive strategies crucial for their adaptive responses?

To enable occupation of a wide range of ecological niches Signup and view all the answers

What is a key environmental requirement for successful external fertilization?

Presence of water to facilitate the fertilization process Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the main advantage of internal fertilization over external fertilization?

Higher likelihood of successful fertilization Signup and view all the answers

Why is the diversity of reproductive strategies considered fundamental to vertebrates' biology and evolutionary success?

'To adapt to a wide range of ecological niches' Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage of internal fertilization compared to external fertilization?

Higher risk of desiccation for developing embryos Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes significantly to the evolutionary success of vertebrates based on their diversity of reproductive strategies?

Occupation of diverse ecological niches Signup and view all the answers

Why might internal fertilization offer an advantage in terms of offspring survival compared to external fertilization?

Reduced predation risk for developing embryos Signup and view all the answers

Which evolutionary advancement mentioned in the text has enabled reptiles, birds, and certain mammals to reproduce without the need for water bodies?

Amniotic egg adaptation Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between precocial and altricial species in terms of offspring development?

Degree of independence at birth Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible disadvantage of ovovivipary compared to vivipary?

Higher metabolic costs for the mother Signup and view all the answers

How does parental care in vertebrates with extensive care differ from those with minimal care?

Extensive care species tend to have fewer offspring Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary advantage does the presence of an amniotic egg confer to terrestrial vertebrates?

Enhanced environmental adaptability Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is characteristic of altricial species at birth?

Requiring extensive parental care Signup and view all the answers

Why do precocial species tend to invest less in parental care compared to altricial species?

Precocial offspring are born independent and can fend for themselves Signup and view all the answers

CH 3: Diversity of Reproductive Strategies

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Questions and Answers

What is a key advantage of external fertilization?

Which type of fertilization involves the release of eggs and sperm into the water?

Why is internal fertilization advantageous for terrestrial animals?

Which animals commonly practice external fertilization?

What evolutionary advantage does internal fertilization provide over external fertilization?

Why does external fertilization require specific environmental conditions?

What is a characteristic of internal fertilization that aids successful reproduction?

Which reproductive mode involves animals laying eggs outside the female's body?

What is the advantage of vivipary as a reproductive mode?

Which developmental strategy results in offspring that are born blind, naked, and helpless?

What is a significant evolutionary advancement for terrestrial vertebrates mentioned in the text?

Which animals retain eggs within the mother's body until they are ready to hatch?

What does precocial development reduce the burden of for the parents?

Which animals give birth to live young?

Why is ovipary advantageous in terms of offspring survival?

What is a key difference between external fertilization and internal fertilization?

Which of the following is an advantage of external fertilization?

Why does internal fertilization provide a higher likelihood of successful fertilization?

Which reproductive strategy enables terrestrial animals to reproduce without needing a watery environment?

What is a critical factor for successful external fertilization?

Which type of fertilization occurs in fish and amphibians?

How does internal fertilization aid in reproductive success?

What advantage does external fertilization have in terms of offspring production?

Why does external fertilization require specific environmental conditions?

In what way does internal fertilization differ from external fertilization?

What is a characteristic of ovovivipary?

Which reproductive mode offers protection to the developing embryo via nutrition and physical barriers until birth?

What is a key advantage of precocial development?

Which animals practice internal fertilization according to the text?

In vertebrates, which developmental strategy leads to offspring that can stand, walk, or swim shortly after birth?

What is the purpose of the amniotic egg in terrestrial vertebrates?

'Most mammals and many birds' are mentioned to have what level of parental care?

'Nest building, egg guarding, feeding, and teaching' are activities associated with which of the following?

'The diversity of reproductive strategies among vertebrates is a key aspect of their evolutionary success.' This statement highlights the importance of what?

'Providing protection to the eggs while avoiding the metabolic costs associated with true vivipary' describes which reproductive mode?

Which of the following reproductive modes offers protection to the developing embryo via nutrition and physical barriers until birth?

What is a key difference between precocial and altricial species in terms of offspring development?

What evolutionary advantage does the amniotic egg provide for terrestrial vertebrates?

Which of the following activities is NOT associated with parental care in vertebrates?

What is a characteristic of ovovivipary that differentiates it from both ovipary and vivipary?

Which evolutionary advancement mentioned in the text has allowed reptiles, birds, and certain mammals to reproduce away from water bodies?

'The young receive nutrition from the egg yolk and are born as fully developed, miniature adults.' This statement describes which reproductive mode?

'The extent and type of parental care in vertebrates vary widely.' What does this variability directly influence?

'Altricial species produce underdeveloped offspring that require extensive parental care.' Why might this strategy lead to potentially higher brain mass in adulthood?

Which reproductive strategy aims to reduce parental care burden by allowing young to fend for themselves against predators early on?

What is a potential disadvantage of external fertilization compared to internal fertilization?

How does external fertilization maximize reproductive success under certain conditions?

Which factor contributes significantly to the evolutionary success of vertebrates based on their diversity of reproductive strategies?

In what way does internal fertilization offer an advantage over external fertilization in terms of reproductive efficiency?

Considering vertebrates, why is the presence of diverse reproductive strategies crucial for their adaptive responses?

What is a key environmental requirement for successful external fertilization?

Which statement accurately describes the main advantage of internal fertilization over external fertilization?

Why is the diversity of reproductive strategies considered fundamental to vertebrates' biology and evolutionary success?

What is a potential disadvantage of internal fertilization compared to external fertilization?

Which factor contributes significantly to the evolutionary success of vertebrates based on their diversity of reproductive strategies?

Why might internal fertilization offer an advantage in terms of offspring survival compared to external fertilization?

Which evolutionary advancement mentioned in the text has enabled reptiles, birds, and certain mammals to reproduce without the need for water bodies?

What is a key difference between precocial and altricial species in terms of offspring development?

What is a possible disadvantage of ovovivipary compared to vivipary?

How does parental care in vertebrates with extensive care differ from those with minimal care?

What evolutionary advantage does the presence of an amniotic egg confer to terrestrial vertebrates?

Which feature is characteristic of altricial species at birth?

Why do precocial species tend to invest less in parental care compared to altricial species?

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