CH 3: Diversity of Reproductive Strategies
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Questions and Answers

What is a key advantage of external fertilization?

  • Requirement of specific environmental conditions (correct)
  • Occurs inside the female's body
  • Higher likelihood of successful fertilization
  • Limited number of offspring produced

    • Which type of fertilization involves the release of eggs and sperm into the water?

  • Internal fertilization
  • In vitro fertilization
  • Both internal and external fertilization
  • External fertilization (correct)

    • Why is internal fertilization advantageous for terrestrial animals?

  • Produces a large number of offspring
  • Higher likelihood of successful fertilization
  • Allows reproduction without a watery environment (correct)
  • Requires specific environmental conditions

    • Which animals commonly practice external fertilization?

    <p>Fish and amphibians (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advantage does internal fertilization provide over external fertilization?

    <p>Higher likelihood of sperm meeting egg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does external fertilization require specific environmental conditions?

    <p>To facilitate the process and protect eggs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of internal fertilization that aids successful reproduction?

    <p>Occurs inside the female's body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive mode involves animals laying eggs outside the female's body?

    <p>Ovipary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of vivipary as a reproductive mode?

    <p>Provides a controlled environment for development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental strategy results in offspring that are born blind, naked, and helpless?

    <p>Altricial (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant evolutionary advancement for terrestrial vertebrates mentioned in the text?

    <p>Amniotic egg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals retain eggs within the mother's body until they are ready to hatch?

    <p>Some species of snakes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does precocial development reduce the burden of for the parents?

    <p>Extensive parental care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals give birth to live young?

    <p>Mammals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ovipary advantageous in terms of offspring survival?

    <p>Allows parents to produce many offspring simultaneously (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between external fertilization and internal fertilization?

    <p>External fertilization requires a watery environment, while internal fertilization does not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of external fertilization?

    <p>Ability to produce a large number of offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does internal fertilization provide a higher likelihood of successful fertilization?

    <p>It leads to a direct sperm meeting egg in the female's body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive strategy enables terrestrial animals to reproduce without needing a watery environment?

    <p>Internal fertilization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor for successful external fertilization?

    <p>Specific environmental conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fertilization occurs in fish and amphibians?

    <p>External fertilization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does internal fertilization aid in reproductive success?

    <p>By facilitating direct sperm meeting egg inside the female's body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does external fertilization have in terms of offspring production?

    <p>Ability to produce a large number of offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does external fertilization require specific environmental conditions?

    <p>To facilitate the process and ensure egg development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does internal fertilization differ from external fertilization?

    <p>Internal fertilization has a higher likelihood of successful reproduction than external fertilization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of ovovivipary?

    <p>Offspring are fully developed before birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive mode offers protection to the developing embryo via nutrition and physical barriers until birth?

    <p>Vivipary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of precocial development?

    <p>Reduces the burden of parental care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals practice internal fertilization according to the text?

    <p>Reptiles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vertebrates, which developmental strategy leads to offspring that can stand, walk, or swim shortly after birth?

    <p>Precocial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the amniotic egg in terrestrial vertebrates?

    <p>To offer protection from dehydration and physical harm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Most mammals and many birds' are mentioned to have what level of parental care?

    <p>&quot;Extensive&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Nest building, egg guarding, feeding, and teaching' are activities associated with which of the following?

    <p>'Extensive' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The diversity of reproductive strategies among vertebrates is a key aspect of their evolutionary success.' This statement highlights the importance of what?

    <p>'Reproductive flexibility' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Providing protection to the eggs while avoiding the metabolic costs associated with true vivipary' describes which reproductive mode?

    <p>'Ovovivipary' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reproductive modes offers protection to the developing embryo via nutrition and physical barriers until birth?

    <p>Vivipary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between precocial and altricial species in terms of offspring development?

    <p>Precocial offspring can stand, walk, or swim shortly after birth, while altricial offspring are born naked and helpless. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advantage does the amniotic egg provide for terrestrial vertebrates?

    <p>Self-contained aquatic environment for the developing embryo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is NOT associated with parental care in vertebrates?

    <p>Nourishment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of ovovivipary that differentiates it from both ovipary and vivipary?

    <p>Young receive nutrition from egg yolk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary advancement mentioned in the text has allowed reptiles, birds, and certain mammals to reproduce away from water bodies?

    <p>Amniotic Egg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The young receive nutrition from the egg yolk and are born as fully developed, miniature adults.' This statement describes which reproductive mode?

    <p>Ovovivipary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The extent and type of parental care in vertebrates vary widely.' What does this variability directly influence?

    <p>Offspring survival rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Altricial species produce underdeveloped offspring that require extensive parental care.' Why might this strategy lead to potentially higher brain mass in adulthood?

    <p>'Altricial' offspring have longer developmental periods allowing for brain growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive strategy aims to reduce parental care burden by allowing young to fend for themselves against predators early on?

    <p>Precocial development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of external fertilization compared to internal fertilization?

    <p>Higher metabolic costs associated with reproduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does external fertilization maximize reproductive success under certain conditions?

    <p>By increasing chances of survival through a large number of offspring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to the evolutionary success of vertebrates based on their diversity of reproductive strategies?

    <p>Adaptation to specific ecological niches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does internal fertilization offer an advantage over external fertilization in terms of reproductive efficiency?

    <p>Requires fewer mating attempts for successful fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering vertebrates, why is the presence of diverse reproductive strategies crucial for their adaptive responses?

    <p>To enable occupation of a wide range of ecological niches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key environmental requirement for successful external fertilization?

    <p>Presence of water to facilitate the fertilization process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the main advantage of internal fertilization over external fertilization?

    <p>Higher likelihood of successful fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the diversity of reproductive strategies considered fundamental to vertebrates' biology and evolutionary success?

    <p>'To adapt to a wide range of ecological niches' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of internal fertilization compared to external fertilization?

    <p>Higher risk of desiccation for developing embryos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to the evolutionary success of vertebrates based on their diversity of reproductive strategies?

    <p>Occupation of diverse ecological niches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might internal fertilization offer an advantage in terms of offspring survival compared to external fertilization?

    <p>Reduced predation risk for developing embryos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary advancement mentioned in the text has enabled reptiles, birds, and certain mammals to reproduce without the need for water bodies?

    <p>Amniotic egg adaptation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between precocial and altricial species in terms of offspring development?

    <p>Degree of independence at birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible disadvantage of ovovivipary compared to vivipary?

    <p>Higher metabolic costs for the mother (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does parental care in vertebrates with extensive care differ from those with minimal care?

    <p>Extensive care species tend to have fewer offspring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advantage does the presence of an amniotic egg confer to terrestrial vertebrates?

    <p>Enhanced environmental adaptability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is characteristic of altricial species at birth?

    <p>Requiring extensive parental care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do precocial species tend to invest less in parental care compared to altricial species?

    <p>Precocial offspring are born independent and can fend for themselves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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