Diversity of Living Things

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following represents the correct order of taxa in the Linnaean system of classification, from most inclusive to least inclusive?

  • Phylum, Kingdom, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
  • Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (correct)
  • Domain, Kingdom, Family, Class, Order, Genus, Species
  • Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom

Modern biological classification relies solely on morphological characteristics, disregarding genetic and biochemical evidence.

False (B)

Explain the significance of binomial nomenclature in biological classification and provide an example, formatted correctly.

Binomial nomenclature provides a unique, universally recognized name for each species, consisting of the genus and species. Example: Homo sapiens

The process by which some viruses integrate their genetic material into the host cell's DNA without immediately causing lysis is known as the ______ cycle.

<p>lysogenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with the correct domain:

<p>Bacteria = Prokaryotic cells with peptidoglycan in the cell wall Archaea = Prokaryotic cells lacking peptidoglycan; often found in extreme environments Eukarya = Eukaryotic cells with membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

<p>Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Viruses are classified as living organisms because they can reproduce independently outside of a host cell.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe how Gram staining is used to classify bacteria and what structural difference it reveals.

<p>Gram staining differentiates bacteria based on cell wall structure. Gram-positive bacteria retain the stain due to a thick peptidoglycan layer, while Gram-negative bacteria do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate classification of humans using the KPCOFGS system?

<p>Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Primates, Hominidae, <em>Homo</em>, <em>sapiens</em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A virus that infects bacteria is known as a ______.

<p>bacteriophage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most significant reason for using a standardized classification system like the Linnaean system?

<p>To provide a universal naming system, avoiding confusion caused by regional common names. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher discovers a new single-celled organism. Initial analysis reveals that the organism's cells lack a nucleus and any membrane-bound organelles. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

<p>Bacteria or Archaea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is used to classify organisms into different kingdoms within the domain Eukarya?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a key difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of a bacteriophage?

<p>The lytic cycle involves the immediate destruction of the host cell, while the lysogenic cycle involves integration of the viral DNA into the host genome. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider two organisms classified in the same family but different genera. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding their relationship?

<p>They are more closely related than organisms in different families. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are viruses not included in the Linnaean system of classification?

<p>Viruses are not considered living organisms because they cannot reproduce independently. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A scientist is examining a cell under a microscope. They observe the presence of ribosomes, a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, and a circular chromosome. This cell is most likely from which type of organism?

<p>A bacterium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a challenge in classifying protists?

<p>Protists exhibit a wide range of characteristics and evolutionary relationships, making it difficult to create clear classifications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand the characteristics of different types of viruses?

<p>To develop effective vaccines and antiviral treatments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does understanding evolutionary relationships inform modern biological classification?

<p>It encourages grouping organisms based on shared ancestry and genetic similarities, reflecting evolutionary history. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Classification

Grouping organisms based on shared characteristics.

Dichotomous Key

A tool used to identify organisms based on paired choices.

Binomial Nomenclature

A two-name system (genus and species) for identifying organisms.

Seven Taxa

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

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Species

A group of similar organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

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Three Domains of Life

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

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Prokaryotic Cells

Cells without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

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Eukaryotic Cells

Cells with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Gram Staining

A staining technique used to differentiate bacteria based on their cell wall structure.

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Viruses

Infectious agents that replicate within a host cell.

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Purpose of Classification

The science of classifying organisms, reflecting evolutionary relationships.

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Seven Taxa (hierarchy)

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. (Most inclusive to least).

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Prokaryotes

Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

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Eukaryotes

Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Bacteriophage

A virus that infects bacteria.

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Lytic Cycle

The viral replication cycle where the virus infects, replicates, and lyses (kills) the host cell.

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Lysogenic Cycle

The viral replication cycle where the viral DNA integrates into the host DNA and remains dormant for a period.

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Study Notes

Okay, here are your updated study notes:

  • The test is on "Diversity of Living Things"
  • The test is on Friday Feb 28th and is 75 minutes long
  • The format is 20 multiple choice questions and 30 marks for short answer questions (explanations, descriptions, case studies, classification).
  • Material covered includes work done up to and including Wednesday February 26th.

Classification of Living Things

  • Understand the purpose and development of classification systems.
  • Use a dichotomous key to determine a specimen's kingdom.
  • Know and understand the basis of the Linnaean system of classification.
  • Identify the criteria upon which modern classification is based.
  • Use binomial nomenclature to identify closely related specimens.
  • Know the seven taxa from most to least inclusive.
  • Define species.
  • List the three domains and classify kingdoms within them.
  • Use characteristics of living things to differentiate between alive, once alive, and non-living things.
  • List the kingdoms and identify their characteristics, provide examples.
  • Classify humans using the KPCOFGS system.
  • Neanderthals and modern humans are subspecies of Homo sapiens.

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

  • Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
  • Classify different types of bacteria, viruses, and protists.
  • Classify members of kingdoms as prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
  • Describe similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
  • Identify structures within prokaryotic (bacteria) and eukaryotic (protist) cells.
  • Understand how to use Gram staining to classify bacteria.
  • Know methods for preventing/treating infections from bacteria and viruses.

Viruses

  • Determine if viruses are alive.
  • Identify and label structures and types of viruses, especially bacteriophages.
  • Describe the differences between different types of viruses.
  • Differentiate between lytic and lysogenic viruses.

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