Diversity in Organizations
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Surface-level diversity refers to individual differences that cannot be seen directly including goals, values, personalities, skills, and abilities.

False

What is a separation diversity?

Differences in positions or opinions among members, reflecting disagreement or opposition.

What is a variety diversity?

Differences in a certain type or category, including group members' expertise, knowledge, or functional background.

Long-term demographic projections suggest that by 2050, the U.S. population is projected to become older, and non-Hispanic white population is expected to increase from 69.4% to 50.1% of the total population by 2050.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 2014, more than half of the Fortune 500 CEOs were minorities.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one method that can be used to address an age-related diversity?

<p>Reverse mentoring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is diversity important for businesses? (Select all that apply)

<p>Diversity promotes creativity and innovation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the barriers to inclusion?

<p>The &quot;like me&quot; bias, stereotypes, prejudice, perceived threat of loss, ethnocentrism, and unequal access to organizational networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an "ethnocentric" perspective?

<p>Ethnocentrism often has less to do with prejudice and more to do with inexperience or ignorance about other people and environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

All organizations have informal networks, which are important to job performance, but women and minorities are usually excluded from these networks.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that organizations can address diversity?

<p>Creating inclusive environments where all employees' cultural awareness and empathy are enhanced through diversity training. This can be done by giving employees equal access to mentors, learning resources, and other influential company employees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diversity training should promote the idea that bias is a normal part of being human. It is not realistic to claim or to pursue an "I'm totally unbiased" stance with regard to diversity.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Globalization is relatively new concept, especially for the United States.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major factors that have contributed to the growth of international trade in the past several decades?

<p>Advances in communication and transportation, businesses expanding internationally, firms seeking better control of labor and distribution costs, and increased international competition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shared set of values that help people understand which actions are considered acceptable and which are deemed unacceptable?

<p>Culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four components of cultural competence? (Select all that apply)

<p>Cross-cultural skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultural and national boundaries are often the same.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the major conclusions made from the literature on international management based on the research on behavior in organizational setting? (Select all that apply)

<p>Organizations and ways they are structured are becoming increasingly similar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The two major cultural dimensions that Hofstede identified are individualism/collectivism continuum and power distance.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

People from diverse cultures value things differently.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a global perspective?

<p>A global perspective is characterized by a willingness to be open to learning from different perspectives and avoid making assumptions that people everywhere are the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three key features of technology that have resulted in the mushrooming of these information technological changes in the past few decades?

<p>The shift toward a service-based economy, the growing use of technology for competitive advantage, and mushrooming change in information technology itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A service organization is one that transforms resources into an intangible output and creates place utility for its customers.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Technology is not considered to be a basis for competition for some organizations.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rapid pace of new development makes it easier to maintain a leadership position based on technology.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Businesses have found that they can be more competitive if they can systematically decrease cycle times.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of using information technology in organizations?

<p>Leaner and more flexible organizations, increased collaboration, and improved management processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the disadvantages of using information technology?

<p>Less personal communication, an increased sense of urgency, and less &quot;down-time&quot; for managers and employees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ethics?

<p>Ethics are a person's beliefs regarding what is right or wrong in a given situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is corporate governance?

<p>Corporate governance is the oversight of a public corporation by its board of directors. The board is primarily responsible for ensuring that the company's business is properly managed and the decisions made are in the best interests of the company's stakeholders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the ethical dilemmas managers face in organizations? (Select all that apply)

<p>How the organization treats its employees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Honesty in general is an area where organizations should be vigilant to avoid problems.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ethical concerns in business settings do not arise from the relationship between the organization and its employees.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A conflict of interest occurs when a decision potentially benefits the individual to the possible detriment of the organization.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Corporate social responsibility often includes businesses living and working together for the common good and valuing human dignity.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has created a variety of standards that help organizations gain international acceptance of their practices and outcomes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the most important areas today involves the management of knowledge workers.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is outsourcing?

<p>Outsourcing is the practice of hiring other firms to do work previously performed by the organization itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Contingent workers are those who work for an organization on a permanent basis.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a tiered workforce?

<p>A tiered workforce exists when one group of an organization's workforce has a contractual arrangement with the organization objectively different from that of another group performing the same jobs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a psychological contract?

<p>A person's overall set of expectations regarding what he or she will contribute to the organization and what the organization will provide in return. This involves intangible factors, such as trust and loyalty, and it is important for both the employee and the employer to be mindful of these expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If either party sees an inequity in the psychological contract, they may initiate a change.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diversity in Organizations

  • Diversity encompasses observable and unobservable similarities and differences among people
  • Surface-level diversity includes easily seen traits like race, age, and gender
  • Deep-level diversity involves less visible characteristics like values, personalities, and attitudes
  • Separation diversity reflects disagreement or opposition in attitudes or opinions
  • Variety diversity highlights differences in expertise, knowledge, or background
  • Disparity diversity concerns differences in valuable social assets/resources like pay or status
  • Demographic trends show a growing older workforce and increasing diversity in the US population. By 2050, the total US population is projected to 49% and non-Hispanic White people are projected to decrease from 69.4% to 50.1% of the population in 2050
  • People of Hispanic origin are projected to increase 188% by 2050, Black population is projected to increase by 71% and Asian population is forecasted to grow by 213% by 2050

Generational Differences

  • Age-based diversity is a significant issue in many organizations
  • Younger managers supervising older workers is a common scenario
  • Reverse mentoring pairs junior employees with senior employees to exchange skills
  • There are four generations commonly recognized
  • The categories are seniors, baby boomers, Generation X, Generation Y (Millennials), Generation Z (Zoomers), and Generation Alpha

Diversity Issues for Managers

  • Understanding diversity improves talent acquisition and retention
  • Diversity promotes creativity and innovation
  • Companies must consider diversity for legal reasons, such as discrimination laws
  • "Like me bias" refers to preferring people similar to oneself
  • Stereotypes are harmful generalizations about groups of people
  • Prejudice involves preconceived negative judgments about groups
  • Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is superior
  • Imbalance in organizational networks may exclude certain groups

Globalization and Business

  • Globalization is the internationalization of business activities
  • Advances in communication and transportation facilitate international trade
  • Businesses expand internationally for market growth and cost control
  • Competition in international markets influences business decisions
  • Cultural competence is the ability to interact effectively with people from different cultures
  • It includes awareness, attitude toward cultural differences, cultural knowledge, and cross-cultural skills

Technology and Business

  • Technology encompasses methods for creating both physical goods and services
  • Manufacturing uses resources to produce tangible products
  • Service-based organizations create intangible outputs and provide utility
  • Technology is a crucial aspect of competition
  • Faster cycle times can enhance business competitiveness
  • Technological advancements improve organizational flexibility and workforce collaboration, but they can also diminish personal communication and increase pressure to make decisions quickly

Ethics and Corporate Governance

  • Ethical dilemmas arise in how organizations treat employees and other stakeholders
  • Corporate governance ensures ethical decision-making across the company
  • Ethical issues related to information technology, including individual privacy and data protection practices are important to consider
  • Social responsibility is a crucial aspect of ethical operations

New Employment Relationships

  • Knowledge workers add value based on their expertise
  • Outsourcing or offshoring involves hiring external firms or relocating work to another country
  • Contingent workers are not permanent employees, and their management strategies can be challenging
  • Tiered workforces have distinct employment agreements that may lead to conflicts
  • Psychological contracts define mutual expectations between employers and employees

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BME 12 Human Behavior in Organization Chapter 2 PDF

Description

Explore the multifaceted concept of diversity within organizations. This quiz delves into surface-level and deep-level diversity, as well as the impacts of demographic trends transforming the workforce landscape in the United States by 2050.

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