Dive into Dysrhythmias
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Dive into Dysrhythmias

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Questions and Answers

Which classification system is used for anti-dysrhythmic drugs?

  • Smith classification
  • Johnson classification
  • Vaughan Williams classification (correct)
  • Goldman classification

    • Which group of drugs is known for their use-dependent block?

  • Class IV
  • Class III
  • Class II
  • Class I (correct)

    • Which group of drugs is unclassified in the Vaughan Williams classification?

  • Some drugs in Class III
  • Some drugs in Class IV
  • Some drugs in Class II
  • Some drugs in Class I (correct)

    • What is the mechanism of action of Class II anti-dysrhythmic drugs?

    <p>Calcium channel blockade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Class III anti-dysrhythmic drugs?

    <p>Potassium channel blockade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Class IV anti-dysrhythmic drugs?

    <p>Calcium channel blockade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of drugs is not mentioned in the learning outcomes?

    <p>Class IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action for Class 1-Sodium Channel Blockers?

    <p>Binding to sodium channels in the open state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs blocks β-1 receptors and decreases cardiac output?

    <p>Class 2 drugs - β blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to prevent recurrent atrial fibrillation triggered by vagal overactivity?

    <p>Disopyramide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical use of Class 1b drugs?

    <p>Treatment and prevention of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation during and immediately after MI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs prolongs the cardiac action potential by prolonging the refractory period?

    <p>Class 3 drugs - potassium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is associated with tachycardia and can be treated with Amiodarone?

    <p>Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs combines class 3 with class 2 actions?

    <p>Unclassified drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a broad category of events that give rise to dysrhythmias?

    <p>Heart block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs in the Vaughan Williams classification system is used to prevent recurrence of supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) and reduce the ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation, provided they do not have Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

    <p>Class IV: Ca2+ handling modulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs in the Vaughan Williams classification system blocks cardiac voltage-gated L-type calcium channels, leading to slow conduction through the SA and AV nodes?

    <p>Class IV: Ca2+ handling modulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unclassified drug hyperpolarizes cardiac conducting tissue and slows the heart rate by activating the same cardiac potassium channels as acetylcholine (ACh)?

    <p>Adenosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs in the Vaughan Williams classification system is used to terminate supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs)?

    <p>Unclassified - Adenosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unclassified drug reduces sinoatrial firing rate and conduction velocity of electrical impulses through the atrioventricular node by increasing vagal efferent activity to the heart?

    <p>Digoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs in the Vaughan Williams classification system is ineffective and dangerous in ventricular dysrhythmias?

    <p>Class I: Voltage-gated Na+ Channel Blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs in the Vaughan Williams classification system shortens the plateau of the cardiac action potential and reduces the force of contraction of the heart?

    <p>Class IV: Ca2+ handling modulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs in the Vaughan Williams classification system is used to suppress ventricular ectopic beats and short runs of ventricular tachycardia?

    <p>Class I: Voltage-gated Na+ Channel Blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unclassified drug is derived from the foxglove plant and reduces sinoatrial firing rate and conduction velocity of electrical impulses through the atrioventricular node?

    <p>Digoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of myocarditis?

    <p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key feature of the clinical examination in patients with heart failure?

    <p>Apex displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical effect of right ventricular failure?

    <p>Apex displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinical effect of left ventricular failure?

    <p>Pulmonary hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood pressure range is considered to be optimal?

    <p>90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification for high blood pressure (hypertension)?

    <p>140/90mmHg or higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification for isolated systolic hypertension?

    <blockquote> <p>130/65</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of secondary hypertension cases are due to renal disease?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the end organs affected by systemic hypertension?

    <p>Brain, heart, kidneys, arteries, eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of heart failure is associated with a slow onset of symptoms and is often caused by ischaemic or valvular heart disease?

    <p>Chronic heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of heart failure is characterized by a failure of the pump to move blood in systole and a reduced ejection fraction?

    <p>Systolic cardiac failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of heart failure is characterized by a failure of the ventricular wall to relax and a reduced ventricular filling, leading to reduced blood for systole?

    <p>Diastolic cardiac failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of heart failure is associated with pulmonary and peripheral edema?

    <p>Systolic cardiac failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of heart failure is characterized by elevated end diastolic pressure and restrictive, stiff ventricle?

    <p>Diastolic cardiac failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of left and right ventricular failure?

    <p>Endocrine disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of infiltrative cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Connective tissue disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of nutritional deficiency-related cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)?

    <p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of peripartum cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Excessive growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of acute cardiac failure?

    <p>Rapid onset of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between acute and chronic cardiac failure?

    <p>Acute cardiac failure has a rapid onset of symptoms, while chronic cardiac failure has a gradual onset of symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between systolic and diastolic cardiac failure?

    <p>Systolic cardiac failure is characterized by impaired contraction of the heart, while diastolic cardiac failure is characterized by impaired relaxation of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between right and left ventricular failure?

    <p>Right ventricular failure leads to systemic congestion, while left ventricular failure leads to pulmonary congestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical effect of left and right ventricular failure?

    <p>Left ventricular failure leads to pulmonary congestion, while right ventricular failure leads to systemic congestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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