Osmotic Diuretics Quiz: Match the Following Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which diuretic works by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Loop diuretics (correct)

Thiazide diuretics

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Osmotic diuretics

What is the drug of choice for producing rapid effects and significant diuresis?

Osmotic diuretics

Loop diuretics (correct)

Thiazide diuretics

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Which diuretic is effective in patients with low glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Loop diuretics (correct)

Thiazide diuretics

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Osmotic diuretics

Which diuretic is the drug of choice for long-term management of hypertension and heart failure edema?

Hydrochlorothiazide Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic competes for aldosterone-sensitive Na+/K+ channel at the distal tubule of the nephron to decrease sodium and water reabsorption and potassium excretion?

Spironolactone (Aldactone) Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic is referred to as 'potassium sparing'?

Spironolactone (Aldactone) Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic produces rapid diuresis by increasing the solute load (osmotic pressure) of the glomerular filtrate?

Mannitol (Osmitrol) Signup and view all the answers

Loop diuretics inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the descending limb of the loop of Henle.

False Signup and view all the answers

Thiazide diuretics are the drug of choice for rapid effects and significant diuresis.

False Signup and view all the answers

Osmotic diuretics work by increasing the solute load of the glomerular filtrate.

True Signup and view all the answers

Furosemide (Lasix) is contraindicated in patients with hepatic impairment.

True Signup and view all the answers

Hydrochlorothiazide is a stronger diuretic compared to furosemide (Lasix).

False Signup and view all the answers

Spironolactone (Aldactone) is commonly used to treat hypertension and hyperaldosteronism.

True Signup and view all the answers

Mannitol (Osmitrol) is primarily used to reduce intraocular pressure before ophthalmic surgery.

False Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diuretics with their descriptions:

Loop diuretics = Inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle Thiazide diuretics = Compete for aldosterone-sensitive Na+/K+ channel at the distal tubule of the nephron to decrease sodium and water reabsorption and potassium excretion Potassium-sparing diuretics = Work by blocking the effects of aldosterone at the distal tubule and collecting duct Osmotic diuretics = Work by increasing the solute load of the glomerular filtrate Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diuretics with their indications for use:

Loop diuretics = Effective in patients with low GFR Thiazide diuretics = Drug of choice for long-term management of hypertension and heart failure edema Osmotic diuretics = Primary use is to reduce intraocular pressure before ophthalmic surgery Potassium-sparing diuretics = Commonly used to treat hypertension and hyperaldosteronism Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diuretics with their adverse effects:

Loop diuretics = Increased risk of hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis Thiazide diuretics = Increased risk of hypokalemia and hyperglycemia Potassium-sparing diuretics = Increased risk of hyperkalemia and gynecomastia Osmotic diuretics = Increased risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalances Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diuretics with their correct descriptions:

Furosemide (Lasix) = Cautious with use in chronic renal failure and worsening renal function, Adverse effects: hyponatremia, hypokalemia, excess fluid loss, ototoxicity Hydrochlorothiazide = Decrease reabsorption of sodium, water, chloride, and bicarbonate in the distal convoluted tubule, Requires adequate urine flow & has ceiling threshold, Drug of choice for long-term management of HTN and HF edema Spironolactone (Aldactone) = Competes for aldosterone-sensitive Na+/K+ channel at the distal tubule of the nephron to decrease sodium and water reabsorption and potassium excretion, Caution with use in renal failure, Adverse effects: deepening of the voice, gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities, and testicular atrophy Mannitol (Osmitrol) = Produces rapid diuresis by increasing the solute load (osmotic pressure) of the glomerular filtrate, Important uses: Reduces ICP for neurosurgery, reduces IOP before ophthalmic surgery, excrete toxic substances Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diuretics with their contraindications:

Furosemide (Lasix) = Sulfonamide allergy, pregnancy Hydrochlorothiazide = Sulfonamide sensitivity, renal failure, anuria, pregnancy Spironolactone (Aldactone) = Renal insufficiency, first trimester pregnancy, digoxin therapy, lithium therapy Mannitol (Osmitrol) = None mentioned in the text Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diuretics with their adverse effects:

Furosemide (Lasix) = Hyponatremia, hypokalemia, excess fluid loss, ototoxicity Hydrochlorothiazide = Hearing impairment, tinnitus, dizziness, ototoxicity Spironolactone (Aldactone) = Deepening of the voice, gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities, and testicular atrophy Mannitol (Osmitrol) = None mentioned in the text Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diuretics with their primary uses:

Furosemide (Lasix) = No specific primary use mentioned in the text Hydrochlorothiazide = Long-term management of HTN and HF edema Spironolactone (Aldactone) = HF, ascites, hypokalemia, hypertension, hyperaldosteronism Mannitol (Osmitrol) = Reduces ICP for neurosurgery, reduces IOP before ophthalmic surgery, excrete toxic substances Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic is commonly used to treat hypertension and hyperaldosteronism?

Spironolactone (Aldactone) Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic works by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Furosemide (Lasix) Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic is the drug of choice for rapid effects and significant diuresis?

Furosemide (Lasix) Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic is commonly used to treat hypertension, ascites, hypokalemia, and hyperaldosteronism?

Spironolactone (Aldactone) Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic should be used with caution in patients with renal failure and hepatic disease?

Spironolactone (Aldactone) Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic is contraindicated in patients with sulfonamide allergy and pregnancy?

Furosemide (Lasix) Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic is primarily used to reduce intracranial pressure for neurosurgery and intraocular pressure before ophthalmic surgery?

Mannitol (Osmitrol) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diuretics

Diuretics are drugs that treat excess fluid in the body by increasing urine formation and output.
Indications for diuretic administration: edema, heart failure, renal disease, hepatic disease, hypertension, and increased intracranial pressure.

Renal Physiology

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, and diuretic drugs work on different sites of the nephron.

Loop Diuretics

Prototype: furosemide (Lasix)
Mechanism of action: inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Uses: rapid diuresis, effective in patients with low GFR
Cautions: chronic renal failure, hepatic impairment, sulfonamide allergy, pregnancy
Adverse effects: hyponatremia, hypokalemia, excess fluid loss, ototoxicity

Thiazide Diuretics

Prototype: hydrochlorothiazide
Mechanism of action: decrease reabsorption of sodium, water, chloride, and bicarbonate in the distal convoluted tubule
Uses: long-term management of hypertension and heart failure edema
Cautions: hepatic impairment, sulfonamide sensitivity, renal failure, anuria, pregnancy
Adverse effects: hearing impairment, tinnitus, dizziness, ototoxicity

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Prototype: spironolactone (Aldactone)
Mechanism of action: competes for aldosterone-sensitive Na+/K+ channel at the distal tubule to decrease sodium and water reabsorption and potassium excretion
Uses: heart failure, ascites, hypokalemia, hypertension, hyperaldosteronism
Cautions: renal failure, hepatic disease, potassium-rich foods
Adverse effects: deepening of the voice, gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities, and testicular atrophy
Black box warning: tumorigenic