Diuretics Overview and Types Unit 7.2
43 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following are types of diuretics?

  • Osmotic (correct)
  • Thiazide and thiazide-like (correct)
  • Potassium-sparing (correct)
  • Loop or high-ceiling (correct)

What is the specific action of thiazide diuretics?

Thiazide diuretics act on the distal convoluted renal tubule, promoting the excretion of sodium, potassium, and water.

Which of the following is a common side effect of thiazide diuretics?

  • Dizziness
  • GI distress
  • Photosensitivity
  • All of the above (correct)

Thiazide diuretics are contraindicated in patients with renal failure.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific action of loop diuretics?

<p>They inhibit water and sodium reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse reaction of loop diuretics?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Loop diuretics are contraindicated in patients with severe electrolyte imbalance and hypovolemia.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of osmotic diuretics like mannitol?

<p>Osmotic diuretics like mannitol are primarily used to reduce intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure, particularly in emergency situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of osmotic diuretics?

<p>Hypokalemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osmotic diuretics are contraindicated in patients with heart disease and heart failure?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone?

<p>Potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone block the action of aldosterone, leading to sodium and water excretion while promoting potassium retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of potassium-sparing diuretics?

<p>Control of fluid retention in heart failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?

<p>Hypokalemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Potassium-sparing diuretics are contraindicated in patients with severe kidney/renal disease and hyperkalemia.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is taking furosemide (Lasix) for heart failure and hypertension. It is most important for the nurse to assess the client for the development of which electrolyte imbalance?

<p>Hypokalemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When teaching a client about loop diuretics, which statement concerning medication timing is important?

<p>Take the medication with a meal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is admitted to the intensive care unit with increased intracranial pressure. The nurse would anticipate administering which medication?

<p>Mannitol (Osmitrol) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is receiving furosemide (Lasix). The nurse should monitor the client for the development of which electrolyte imbalance?

<p>Hypokalemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with congestive heart failure gains 5 pounds in 1 week. This most likely indicates a fluid weight gain of how many liters?

<p>2 L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before administering Spironolactone, it is most important for the nurse to determine if the client is also receiving which medication?

<p>Potassium chloride (K-Dur) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about aldosterone is true?

<p>It is a mineralocorticoid hormone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of thiazide diuretics in the kidneys?

<p>Promote sodium, potassium, and water excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some uses of thiazide diuretics?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thiazide diuretics are contraindicated in renal failure.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of loop diuretics like furosemide?

<p>Inhibit water and sodium reabsorption. Potassium, magnesium, and calcium can also be excreted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some uses for loop diuretics?

<p>All of the above (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible side effect of loop diuretics if administered too quickly intravenously?

<p>Hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

Loop diuretics are contraindicated in severe electrolyte imbalance.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diuretic is mannitol?

<p>Osmotic diuretic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use for mannitol?

<p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mannitol is contraindicated in heart disease and heart failure.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone?

<p>Block the action of aldosterone and promote sodium excretion. Potassium, magnesium, and calcium can also be excreted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some uses for potassium-sparing diuretics?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?

<p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Potassium-sparing diuretics are contraindicated in severe kidney or renal disease and hyperkalemia.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common nursing assessments for patients on diuretics?

<p>All of the above (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common nursing interventions for patients on diuretics?

<p>All of the above (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is taking furosemide (Lasix) for heart failure and hypertension. What electrolyte imbalance is the nurse likely to be most concerned about?

<p>Hypokalemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is admitted to the intensive care unit with increased intracranial pressure. What type of diuretic is the nurse likely to administer?

<p>Mannitol (Osmitrol) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is receiving furosemide (Lasix). What electrolyte imbalance is the nurse most likely to monitor for?

<p>Hypokalemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with congestive heart failure gains 5 pounds in 1 week. What is the most likely fluid weight gain?

<p>2 L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before administering spironolactone, what medication is important to ask about?

<p>Potassium chloride (K-Dur) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about aldosterone is true?

<p>It is a mineralocorticoid hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Thiazide Diuretics

Diuretics that act on the distal convoluted renal tubule, promoting sodium, potassium, and water excretion.

Hydrochlorothiazide

A common thiazide diuretic used to treat hypertension and edema.

Loop Diuretics

Diuretics that act on the ascending loop of Henle, inhibiting water and sodium reabsorption, resulting in electrolyte excretion.

Furosemide

A loop diuretic commonly used to treat fluid retention, renal dysfunction, and hypertension.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osmotic Diuretics

Diuretics that increase urine output by creating an osmotic gradient, causing water excretion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mannitol

An osmotic diuretic used in emergencies to decrease intracranial and intraocular pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Diuretics that promote sodium and water excretion while retaining potassium.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spironolactone

A potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks aldosterone action.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypokalemia

Low potassium levels in the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyperkalemia

High potassium levels in the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances

Disruptions in the concentration of fluids and electrolytes in the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intracranial Pressure

Pressure inside the skull.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intraocular Pressure

Pressure inside the eye.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Digoxin Toxicity

Harmful effects of digoxin (a heart medication) due to abnormal electrolyte levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electrolyte Depletion

Low levels of essential electrolytes in the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Renal Failure

Kidney malfunction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hepatic Dysfunction

Liver impairment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diabetes Mellitus

A disease affecting blood sugar regulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyperglycemia

High blood sugar.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypovolemia

Low blood volume.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Photosensitivity

Increased sensitivity to sunlight.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are diuretics?

Diuretics are medications that increase urine production, helping to eliminate excess fluid from the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the main action of thiazide diuretics?

Thiazide diuretics act on the kidneys' distal convoluted tubule, promoting excretion of sodium, potassium, and water.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What conditions are thiazide diuretics used for?

Thiazides are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema (fluid buildup) caused by conditions like heart failure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the side effects of thiazide diuretics?

Common side effects include dizziness, headache, weakness, GI upset, photosensitivity, and electrolyte imbalances.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the contraindications for thiazide diuretics?

Thiazides are contraindicated in patients with severe kidney failure and significant electrolyte depletion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the action of loop diuretics?

Loop diuretics act on the ascending loop of Henle in the kidneys, inhibiting sodium and water reabsorption, leading to electrolyte excretion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the uses of loop diuretics?

Loop diuretics are used to treat fluid retention caused by heart failure, renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, hypertension, and pulmonary edema.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are common side effects of loop diuretics?

Common side effects include GI distress, dizziness, weakness, photosensitivity, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, orthostatic hypotension, and hearing loss if administered too rapidly.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the contraindications for loop diuretics?

Loop diuretics are contraindicated in cases of severe electrolyte imbalance, hypovolemia (low blood volume), and allergy to sulfa drugs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the action of osmotic diuretics?

Osmotic diuretics increase urine output by creating an osmotic gradient in the kidneys, leading to water excretion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the uses of osmotic diuretics?

Osmotic diuretics are used to decrease intracranial pressure, intraocular pressure, promote excretion of toxic substances, and are often used in emergency situations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the potential side effects of osmotic diuretics?

Common side effects include GI upset, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, pulmonary edema from fluid shift, tachycardia due to fluid loss, and acidosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the cautions for osmotic diuretics?

Extreme caution is needed in patients with heart disease, heart failure, and renal failure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the action of potassium-sparing diuretics?

Potassium-sparing diuretics block the action of aldosterone, promoting sodium and water excretion while retaining potassium.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the uses of potassium-sparing diuretics?

These diuretics are used to treat heart failure and hepatic cirrhosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What side effects can potassium-sparing diuretics cause?

Common side effects include GI distress, dizziness, weakness, erectile dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension, and hyperkalemia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the contraindications for potassium-sparing diuretics?

These diuretics are contraindicated in patients with severe kidney/renal disease and hyperkalemia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do potassium-sparing diuretics interact with other medications?

They can interact with potassium supplements, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and salt substitutes containing potassium.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What assessments are crucial for patients receiving diuretics?

Assessments include medication and medical history, vital signs, fluid and electrolyte levels, weight, renal and hepatic function, and allergies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are some key nursing interventions for patients on diuretics?

Interventions include monitoring I&O, daily weight, vital signs, administering IV furosemide slowly, watching for signs of hypokalemia or hyperkalemia, and monitoring electrolyte levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What essential patient teaching is needed for diuretics?

Teach patients to take blood pressure before medication, weigh themselves daily, take medication in the morning, adjust diet based on the type of diuretic, and stay out of the sun if photosensitive.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is hypokalemia?

Hypokalemia is a condition characterized by low potassium levels in the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is hyperkalemia?

Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high potassium levels in the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the nursing implications for hypokalemia?

Monitor for signs and symptoms like weakness, muscle cramps, fatigue, and irregular heartbeat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the nursing implications for hyperkalemia?

Monitor for signs and symptoms like muscle weakness, numbness, tingling, and irregular heartbeat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are some common electrolyte imbalances associated with diuretics?

Diuretics can cause hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia, and hyperglycemia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the relationship between diuretics and blood pressure?

Diuretics can lower blood pressure by reducing fluid volume and decreasing the workload on the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do diuretics affect the heart and kidneys?

Diuretics can protect the heart by reducing its workload and can be used to manage kidney function in certain conditions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why are diuretics so important in patient care?

Diuretics play a vital role in managing fluid retention, hypertension, and other conditions, improving patient comfort and overall well-being.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Diuretics Overview

  • Diuretics are medications that increase urine output.
  • Various types of diuretics exist, each acting on different parts of the kidney.

Types of Diuretics

  • Thiazide and thiazide-like
  • Loop or high-ceiling
  • Osmotic
  • Potassium-sparing

Thiazide Diuretics - Hydrochlorothiazide

  • Action: Acts in the kidneys, promoting sodium, potassium, and water excretion. Specifically targets the distal convoluted renal tubule
  • Uses: Treatment of hypertension and edema from heart failure
  • Side effects/adverse reactions: Dizziness, headache, weakness, GI distress, photosensitivity, fluid/electrolyte imbalances, hypotension, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, and dysrhythmias
  • Contraindications: Renal failure, electrolyte depletion, caution for hepatic dysfunction, diabetes mellitus
  • Interactions: Increased risk of digoxin toxicity with hypokalemia, with anti-diabetic drugs and steroids

Loop Diuretics - Furosemide

  • Action: Inhibits water and sodium reabsorption. Also potassium, magnesium, and calcium are excreted. Acts on the ascending loop of Henle.
  • Uses: Treatment of fluid retention from conditions like heart failure, renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, hypertension and pulmonary edema.
  • Side effects/adverse reactions: GI stress, dizziness, weakness, photosensitivity, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, orthostatic/hypotension, hyperglycemia, and hearing loss (especially during IV administration).
  • Contraindications: Severe electrolyte imbalance, hypovolemia, allergy to sulfa drugs, caution with heart failure, diabetes
  • Interactions: Anticoagulants (increased bleeding), steroids (increased potassium loss), digoxin (if hypokalemia is present).

K-Wasting Diuretics – Lab Abnormalities

  • Serum chemistry abnormalities include: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, and hypocalcemia often in loop diuretics. Hypercalcemia can be found in thiazide diuretics

Osmotic Diuretics - Mannitol

  • Action: Causes water, sodium, chloride, and potassium excretion through kidneys.
  • Uses: Decrease intracranial pressure, decrease intraocular pressure, promote excretion of toxic substances, often used in emergencies.
  • Side effects/adverse reactions: GI upset, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, pulmonary edema from rapid fluid shifts, tachycardia related to rapid fluid loss, acidosis, caution with heart disease, heart failure, and renal failure.

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics - Spironolactone

  • Action: Blocks aldosterone action, which promotes sodium and water excretion in the kidneys and increases potassium retention; also excretes magnesium and calcium. May increase blood glucose.
  • Uses: Treating heart failure and hepatic cirrhosis
  • Side effects/adverse reactions: GI distress, dizziness, weakness, erectile dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and hyperkalemia
  • Contraindications: Severe kidney/renal disease, hyperkalemia
  • Interactions: Potassium supplements, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and salt substitutes containing potassium.

Nursing Process: Assessment

  • Medication/medical history
  • Vital signs
  • Fluid and electrolyte levels/weight
  • Renal/hepatic function
  • Allergies

Nursing Process: Interventions

  • Monitor I&O, daily weights.
  • Notify healthcare provider if urine output doesn't increase.
  • Monitor blood pressure and other vital signs.
  • Slowly administer IV furosemide.
  • Watch for hypokalemia s/s with k-wasting diuretics; watch for hyperkalemia s/s with k-sparing diuretics.
  • Monitor electrolyte levels.
  • Monitor blood glucose values periodically.

Nursing Process: Teaching

  • Take BP before dose; monitor weight daily. Report weight gain of 2lbs overnight or 5lbs in a week
  • Take medication in the morning.
  • Okay to take with food.
  • If Gl upset, take with food.
  • Stay out of sun with photosensitivity.
  • Get up slowly from sitting/lying position
  • Reinforce need for compliance
  • Diet changes - include potassium-rich foods if client is on k-wasting diuretics. Avoid diet high in potassium if on k-sparing diuretics.
  • Drug interactions – potassium supplements, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers and salt substitutes

Practice Questions and Answers (with rationales)

  • Various practice questions related to diuretic use and client management are included in the document
  • Provided rationales to accompany the answers.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Unit 7.2 Diuretics PDF

Description

This quiz covers the various types of diuretics, including thiazide, loop, osmotic, and potassium-sparing diuretics. It details their mechanisms of action, uses, side effects, and contraindications. Test your knowledge about these essential medications and their impact on kidney function.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser