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Questions and Answers
What is the primary site of action for loop diuretics?
What is the primary site of action for loop diuretics?
What is the consequence of loop diuretic treatment on calcium and magnesium reabsorption?
What is the consequence of loop diuretic treatment on calcium and magnesium reabsorption?
What is the clinical consequence of increased downstream delivery of sodium in loop diuretic treatment?
What is the clinical consequence of increased downstream delivery of sodium in loop diuretic treatment?
Which electrolyte imbalance can loop diuretic treatment predispose to, especially in the setting of cardiac insufficiency?
Which electrolyte imbalance can loop diuretic treatment predispose to, especially in the setting of cardiac insufficiency?
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Which drugs are the drugs of choice to treat Liddle’s syndrome?
Which drugs are the drugs of choice to treat Liddle’s syndrome?
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How does amiloride affect the impairment of urinary concentrating ability caused by lithium?
How does amiloride affect the impairment of urinary concentrating ability caused by lithium?
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Which diuretics are used clinically to treat hypokalemic alkalosis secondary to mineralocorticoid excess?
Which diuretics are used clinically to treat hypokalemic alkalosis secondary to mineralocorticoid excess?
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What is the diuretic action of spironolactone or eplerenone aimed at minimizing?
What is the diuretic action of spironolactone or eplerenone aimed at minimizing?
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What is the role of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in the treatment of ascites and edema associated with impaired plasma protein biosynthesis?
What is the role of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in the treatment of ascites and edema associated with impaired plasma protein biosynthesis?
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What have studies suggested about the effect of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in the setting of coronary ischemia?
What have studies suggested about the effect of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in the setting of coronary ischemia?
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What effect do spironolactone and eplerenone have on mortality in patients with heart failure?
What effect do spironolactone and eplerenone have on mortality in patients with heart failure?
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What is the cause of Liddle’s syndrome?
What is the cause of Liddle’s syndrome?
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What is the effect of amiloride on the reabsorption of lithium by ENaC?
What is the effect of amiloride on the reabsorption of lithium by ENaC?
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Which diuretic is approximately 40 times more potent than other loop diuretics?
Which diuretic is approximately 40 times more potent than other loop diuretics?
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What is a key consideration when using loop diuretics?
What is a key consideration when using loop diuretics?
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Which condition are loop diuretics first-line therapy for?
Which condition are loop diuretics first-line therapy for?
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What is a potential use of loop diuretics?
What is a potential use of loop diuretics?
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Where do thiazide diuretics primarily inhibit sodium chloride reabsorption?
Where do thiazide diuretics primarily inhibit sodium chloride reabsorption?
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What effect do thiazide diuretics have on glucose tolerance?
What effect do thiazide diuretics have on glucose tolerance?
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What is a potential use of thiazide diuretics?
What is a potential use of thiazide diuretics?
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What is a key consideration when using thiazide diuretics for hypertension?
What is a key consideration when using thiazide diuretics for hypertension?
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What is a potential effect of thiazide diuretics on calcium reabsorption?
What is a potential effect of thiazide diuretics on calcium reabsorption?
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Which diuretic is a first-line agent for hypertension?
Which diuretic is a first-line agent for hypertension?
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What is a potential benefit of thiazide diuretics shown in clinical trials?
What is a potential benefit of thiazide diuretics shown in clinical trials?
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What is a potential adverse effect of loop diuretics on calcium diuresis?
What is a potential adverse effect of loop diuretics on calcium diuresis?
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Which diuretic can be taken once a day, unlike hydrochlorothiazide?
Which diuretic can be taken once a day, unlike hydrochlorothiazide?
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What is the basis for most clinical trials documenting beneficial effects of thiazide diuretics for hypertension treatment?
What is the basis for most clinical trials documenting beneficial effects of thiazide diuretics for hypertension treatment?
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Which diuretic can modestly decrease urine flow in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Which diuretic can modestly decrease urine flow in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
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What can be used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with chronic lithium therapy, instead of thiazides?
What can be used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with chronic lithium therapy, instead of thiazides?
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What do potassium-sparing diuretics do in terms of potassium reabsorption in the nephron?
What do potassium-sparing diuretics do in terms of potassium reabsorption in the nephron?
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What do spironolactone and eplerenone inhibit to counteract aldosterone action?
What do spironolactone and eplerenone inhibit to counteract aldosterone action?
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What percentage of essential hypertension patients have elevated aldosterone levels?
What percentage of essential hypertension patients have elevated aldosterone levels?
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What do amiloride and triamterene competitively inhibit to treat hypertension?
What do amiloride and triamterene competitively inhibit to treat hypertension?
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What can potassium-sparing diuretics cause in terms of potassium and metabolic acidosis?
What can potassium-sparing diuretics cause in terms of potassium and metabolic acidosis?
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What effects can potassium-sparing diuretics potentiate?
What effects can potassium-sparing diuretics potentiate?
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What does aldosterone regulate in collecting duct principal cells?
What does aldosterone regulate in collecting duct principal cells?
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Which diuretic is used to treat central diabetes insipidus?
Which diuretic is used to treat central diabetes insipidus?
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Study Notes
Diuretics and Their Mechanisms of Action
- Thiazide diuretics can cause hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis due to increased K+ and H+ secretion from increased Na+ presentation to the collecting duct
- Hydrochlorothiazide should be taken several times a day, while chlorthalidone, a longer-acting thiazide, can be taken once a day
- Chlorthalidone was the basis for most clinical trials documenting beneficial effects of thiazide diuretics for hypertension treatment
- Patients with diabetes insipidus can be treated with desmopressin for central diabetes insipidus, while thiazides can modestly decrease urine flow in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- For nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with chronic lithium therapy, thiazides may be supplanted by amiloride and acetazolamide
- Potassium-sparing diuretics increase nephron reabsorption of potassium by interrupting Na+ reabsorption in the collecting duct
- Aldosterone regulates sodium channel expression in collecting duct principal cells
- Spironolactone and eplerenone inhibit aldosterone action by preventing nuclear translocation of the mineralocorticoid receptor
- Up to 20% of essential hypertension patients have elevated aldosterone levels, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are used to treat hypertension
- Amiloride and triamterene are competitive inhibitors of the ENaC Na+ channel and are used to treat hypertension
- Potassium-sparing diuretics can cause hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis due to decreased Na+ uptake and decreased H+ secretion
- Potassium-sparing diuretics can potentiate the effects of more proximally acting diuretics, including loop diuretics, and are occasionally used to counteract the potassium-wasting effects of thiazides
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Description
Learn about the mechanisms of action and clinical use of diuretics in this informative quiz. Explore topics such as thiazide diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, and their impact on electrolyte balance, hypertension treatment, and diabetes insipidus management.
