40 Questions
Which of the following is the MOST common cause of a hypertensive emergency?
Abrupt discontinuation of antihypertensive medications
What is the PROTOTYPE drug for alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists (alpha-1 blockers)?
Doxazosin
What is the MAIN mechanism of action for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)?
Inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase
What is the MAIN adverse effect associated with cardiac glycosides like digoxin?
Ventricular dysrhythmias
Which of the following is a common NURSING CONSIDERATION when administering beta-blockers?
Both a and c
What is the MAIN mechanism of action for bile acid sequestrants?
Binding to bile acids and increasing their excretion
What is the HALF-LIFE of the prototype drug for hypertensive emergencies, nitroprusside?
2 minutes
What is the THERAPEUTIC CLASS of fibric acid agents like gemfibrozil?
Antihyperlipidemic
Which of the following is a THERAPEUTIC CLASS for beta-blockers?
Both b and c
What is the MAIN ADVERSE EFFECT associated with phosphodiesterase inhibitors like milrinone?
Ventricular dysrhythmia
Which diuretic works in the distal tubule and is classified as a thiazide?
Hydrochlorothiazide
What is the PROTOTYPE drug for potassium-sparing diuretics that works in the collecting duct?
Spironolactone
Which diuretic works in the loop of Henle and is known for its fast-acting nature?
Furosemide
Which class of drugs inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to reduce blood pressure?
ACE Inhibitors
Which group of drugs is characterized by names ending in '-prils'?
ACE Inhibitors
'Losartan' is a prototype drug belonging to which class of antihypertensive medications?
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
'Nifedipine' primarily acts on which type of blood vessels?
Arterioles
'Hydrochlorothiazide' is associated with what adverse effect among others?
Dehydration and loss of electrolytes
'Diltiazem' produces vasodilation primarily in which type of blood vessels?
Arterioles
Which diuretic blocks aldosterone and works in the collecting duct at the end of the nephron?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of low molecular weight heparins?
All of the above
What is the primary action of low molecular weight heparins?
Prevent clotting by activating antithrombin
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of low molecular weight heparins?
Both b and c
Which of the following is a nursing consideration for the administration of low molecular weight heparins?
All of the above
What is the treatment for overdose of low molecular weight heparins?
Protamine sulfate
Which of the following is a pharmacologic class of oral anticoagulants?
Vitamin K antagonists
What is the primary action of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin?
Inhibit the action of vitamin K, thereby diminishing the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin?
Both b and c
What is a contraindication for the use of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin?
All of the above
Which of the following is an interaction that should be considered when administering vitamin K antagonists like warfarin?
All of the above
What is a key nursing consideration for patients taking herbals like ginkgo, garlic, and ginger?
Monitor INR levels
What is the pregnancy category for herbals like ginkgo, garlic, and ginger?
Category X
Which drug directly inhibits thrombin to prevent thrombus development?
Dabigatran
What is a common adverse effect of antiplatelet drugs like Clopidogrel?
Gastric bleeding
Which class of drugs acts by blocking glycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor to prevent platelet activation?
Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor antagonists
When is the best time to administer thrombolytics like Alteplase?
Within 4 hours of clot formation
What is the main action of hemostatics like Aminocaproic Acid?
Shorten bleeding time
Which drug is a direct inhibitor of factor Xa?
Rivaroxaban
'Acts by binding irreversibly to COX in platelets' describes the mechanism of action of which drug?
'Aspirin'
What interaction should be monitored in patients taking Aminocaproic Acid?
Interactions with estrogens and oral contraceptives
Test your knowledge on diuretics used as first-line drugs for hypertension. Learn about the mechanisms of action, prototypes like Hydrochlorothiazide, common adverse effects like dehydration, and important nursing considerations during administration.
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