Patho Exam 3 Quiz 1
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of a hypertensive emergency?

  • Acute myocardial infarction
  • Uncontrolled diabetes
  • Abrupt discontinuation of antihypertensive medications (correct)
  • Severe renal impairment

    • What is the PROTOTYPE drug for alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists (alpha-1 blockers)?

  • Metoprolol
  • Nitroprusside
  • Atenolol
  • Doxazosin (correct)

    • What is the MAIN mechanism of action for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)?

  • Inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (correct)
  • Activate the enzyme lipoprotein lipase
  • Increase HDL levels
  • Bind to bile acids and increase their excretion

    • What is the MAIN adverse effect associated with cardiac glycosides like digoxin?

    <p>Ventricular dysrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common NURSING CONSIDERATION when administering beta-blockers?

    <p>Both a and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MAIN mechanism of action for bile acid sequestrants?

    <p>Binding to bile acids and increasing their excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the HALF-LIFE of the prototype drug for hypertensive emergencies, nitroprusside?

    <p>2 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the THERAPEUTIC CLASS of fibric acid agents like gemfibrozil?

    <p>Antihyperlipidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a THERAPEUTIC CLASS for beta-blockers?

    <p>Both b and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MAIN ADVERSE EFFECT associated with phosphodiesterase inhibitors like milrinone?

    <p>Ventricular dysrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic works in the distal tubule and is classified as a thiazide?

    <p>Hydrochlorothiazide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the PROTOTYPE drug for potassium-sparing diuretics that works in the collecting duct?

    <p>Spironolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic works in the loop of Henle and is known for its fast-acting nature?

    <p>Furosemide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to reduce blood pressure?

    <p>ACE Inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of drugs is characterized by names ending in '-prils'?

    <p>ACE Inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Losartan' is a prototype drug belonging to which class of antihypertensive medications?

    <p>Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Nifedipine' primarily acts on which type of blood vessels?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hydrochlorothiazide' is associated with what adverse effect among others?

    <p>Dehydration and loss of electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Diltiazem' produces vasodilation primarily in which type of blood vessels?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic blocks aldosterone and works in the collecting duct at the end of the nephron?

    <p>Hydrochlorothiazide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of low molecular weight heparins?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of low molecular weight heparins?

    <p>Prevent clotting by activating antithrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of low molecular weight heparins?

    <p>Both b and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing consideration for the administration of low molecular weight heparins?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for overdose of low molecular weight heparins?

    <p>Protamine sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a pharmacologic class of oral anticoagulants?

    <p>Vitamin K antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin?

    <p>Inhibit the action of vitamin K, thereby diminishing the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin?

    <p>Both b and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an interaction that should be considered when administering vitamin K antagonists like warfarin?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key nursing consideration for patients taking herbals like ginkgo, garlic, and ginger?

    <p>Monitor INR levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pregnancy category for herbals like ginkgo, garlic, and ginger?

    <p>Category X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug directly inhibits thrombin to prevent thrombus development?

    <p>Dabigatran</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of antiplatelet drugs like Clopidogrel?

    <p>Gastric bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs acts by blocking glycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor to prevent platelet activation?

    <p>Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the best time to administer thrombolytics like Alteplase?

    <p>Within 4 hours of clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of hemostatics like Aminocaproic Acid?

    <p>Shorten bleeding time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a direct inhibitor of factor Xa?

    <p>Rivaroxaban</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Acts by binding irreversibly to COX in platelets' describes the mechanism of action of which drug?

    <p>'Aspirin'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What interaction should be monitored in patients taking Aminocaproic Acid?

    <p>Interactions with estrogens and oral contraceptives</p> Signup and view all the answers

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