Diuretics Chapter 11 Overview Quiz

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What is the primary function of diuretics?

Promote vasoconstriction

Stimulate erythropoietin production

Decrease sodium and water retention (correct)

Increase heart rate

Which segment of the renal tubule reabsorbs bicarbonate mostly?

Collecting Duct

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (correct)

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Loop of Henle

What is the main clinical use of diuretics in patients with kidney disease?

Increase blood pressure

Manage edema (correct)

Reduce hypercalcemia

Improve heart failure

Which type of diuretic is contraindicated in patients with hepatic cirrhosis?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

$MAP = CO + Peripheral Resistance$ Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is activated by the kidney to regulate blood pressure?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which loop diuretics exert their diuretic effect?

Blocking Na-K-Cl cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect associated with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Hypersensitivity reactions (sulfa) Signup and view all the answers

How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors affect the bicarbonate levels in the body?

Promote bicarbonate excretion in the urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of acetazolamide (Diamox®) and methazolamide (Neptazane®) in medical practice?

Managing altitude sickness Signup and view all the answers

Which segment of the nephron is relatively impermeable to water and plays a crucial role in reabsorbing Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Cl?

Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are not typically used for treating hypertension?

Their diuretic effect diminishes once bicarbonate is depleted Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of loop diuretics?

Hyperuricemia Signup and view all the answers

Which loop diuretic is specifically noted for not containing sulfa?

Ethacrynic Acid (Edecrin®) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible drug interaction of loop diuretics with aminoglycoside antibiotics?

Renal damage Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is involved in the regulatory action of calcium via the parathyroid hormone?

Parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic is classified as a high potency agent?

Metolazone Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of sodium and chloride is reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule?

~10% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diuretics are considered low potency agents?

Thiazides Signup and view all the answers

What condition may be induced by blocking the Na-Cl cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule?

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect specifically noted for loop diuretics?

Hypokalemia Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic may precipitate gout by increasing uric acid levels?

Furosemide Signup and view all the answers

What is a common drug interaction involving loop diuretics that may blunt the diuretic response?

NSAIDs Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the regulation of calcium via parathyroid hormone?

Parathyroid Hormone Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic is classified as a high potency agent among thiazides?