26 Questions
What is the primary function of diuretics?
Decrease sodium and water retention
Which segment of the renal tubule reabsorbs bicarbonate mostly?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
What is the main clinical use of diuretics in patients with kidney disease?
Manage edema
Which type of diuretic is contraindicated in patients with hepatic cirrhosis?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
What is the equation for Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
$MAP = CO + Peripheral Resistance$
Which hormone is activated by the kidney to regulate blood pressure?
Aldosterone
What is the primary mechanism through which loop diuretics exert their diuretic effect?
Blocking Na-K-Cl cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Which of the following is a common side effect associated with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Hypersensitivity reactions (sulfa)
How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors affect the bicarbonate levels in the body?
Promote bicarbonate excretion in the urine
What is the primary role of acetazolamide (Diamox®) and methazolamide (Neptazane®) in medical practice?
Managing altitude sickness
Which segment of the nephron is relatively impermeable to water and plays a crucial role in reabsorbing Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Cl?
Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
What is the main reason why carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are not typically used for treating hypertension?
Their diuretic effect diminishes once bicarbonate is depleted
What is a potential side effect of loop diuretics?
Hyperuricemia
Which loop diuretic is specifically noted for not containing sulfa?
Ethacrynic Acid (Edecrin®)
What is a possible drug interaction of loop diuretics with aminoglycoside antibiotics?
Renal damage
Which hormone is involved in the regulatory action of calcium via the parathyroid hormone?
Parathyroid hormone
Which diuretic is classified as a high potency agent?
Metolazone
What percentage of sodium and chloride is reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule?
~10%
Which type of diuretics are considered low potency agents?
Thiazides
What condition may be induced by blocking the Na-Cl cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule?
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
What is a potential side effect specifically noted for loop diuretics?
Hypokalemia
Which diuretic may precipitate gout by increasing uric acid levels?
Furosemide
What is a common drug interaction involving loop diuretics that may blunt the diuretic response?
NSAIDs
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the regulation of calcium via parathyroid hormone?
Parathyroid Hormone
Which diuretic is classified as a high potency agent among thiazides?
Metolazone
What is the primary reason for not using carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in treating hypertension?
Poor antihypertensive efficacy
Test your knowledge on cardiology diuretics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and other related medications. This quiz covers topics discussed in Chapter 11 by Susan Hartfield PA-C, PharmD.
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