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Questions and Answers
Decentralized architectures are characterized by a single point of control over the entire system.
Decentralized architectures are characterized by a single point of control over the entire system.
False
Client-server architectures involve multiple servers managing requests from multiple clients.
Client-server architectures involve multiple servers managing requests from multiple clients.
True
Communication paradigms in distributed systems include methods like sockets and RPC.
Communication paradigms in distributed systems include methods like sockets and RPC.
True
Peer-to-peer architectures involve a central server that manages all communications between clients.
Peer-to-peer architectures involve a central server that manages all communications between clients.
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Only system-oriented entities are involved in distributed systems communication.
Only system-oriented entities are involved in distributed systems communication.
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Resource sharing, replication, and consistency in distributed systems do not involve issues related to caching.
Resource sharing, replication, and consistency in distributed systems do not involve issues related to caching.
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A typical project team for the course consists of 2 to 3 students.
A typical project team for the course consists of 2 to 3 students.
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The total weight of assignments in the course grading is 25%.
The total weight of assignments in the course grading is 25%.
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The advanced topics covered in the course include green computing and big data.
The advanced topics covered in the course include green computing and big data.
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Leader election is considered a canonical problem in distributed systems.
Leader election is considered a canonical problem in distributed systems.
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The socket.close() method marks the socket as closed but does not close the underlying system resource.
The socket.close() method marks the socket as closed but does not close the underlying system resource.
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Multi-threaded applications enable servers to communicate with multiple clients simultaneously.
Multi-threaded applications enable servers to communicate with multiple clients simultaneously.
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In Python, threads can only be created from external libraries and not from built-in classes.
In Python, threads can only be created from external libraries and not from built-in classes.
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The run() method in a custom thread class is responsible for executing the main logic of the thread.
The run() method in a custom thread class is responsible for executing the main logic of the thread.
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The join() method is optional to call in a multi-threaded environment, but it ensures the thread's completion if called.
The join() method is optional to call in a multi-threaded environment, but it ensures the thread's completion if called.
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When the input() function is called within a thread, it is a non-blocking operation.
When the input() function is called within a thread, it is a non-blocking operation.
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An exception is raised, and None is returned on failure when sending data from a socket.
An exception is raised, and None is returned on failure when sending data from a socket.
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After a socket is closed, it can still be used for communication without any issues.
After a socket is closed, it can still be used for communication without any issues.
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Docker adds portable container deployment across machines to Linux containers.
Docker adds portable container deployment across machines to Linux containers.
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Containers require a hypervisor to function properly.
Containers require a hypervisor to function properly.
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Linux containers are designed to be application-centric for deployment.
Linux containers are designed to be application-centric for deployment.
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Docker containers rely on external dependencies for operation.
Docker containers rely on external dependencies for operation.
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Solaris containers and BSD jails are examples of virtual machine technology.
Solaris containers and BSD jails are examples of virtual machine technology.
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A three-tiered architecture in web applications consists of Presentation, Application Logic, and Data Logic.
A three-tiered architecture in web applications consists of Presentation, Application Logic, and Data Logic.
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One disadvantage of a three-tiered architecture is enhanced maintainability of the software.
One disadvantage of a three-tiered architecture is enhanced maintainability of the software.
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In a decentralized peer-to-peer architecture, all nodes operate under a hierarchical structure.
In a decentralized peer-to-peer architecture, all nodes operate under a hierarchical structure.
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Peer-to-peer systems require a central coordinator for decision making.
Peer-to-peer systems require a central coordinator for decision making.
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Unstructured P2P architectures create a data location problem due to loosely-coupled peers and contents.
Unstructured P2P architectures create a data location problem due to loosely-coupled peers and contents.
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Structured P2P architectures utilize a distributed hash table to locate objects and maintain a strong data location.
Structured P2P architectures utilize a distributed hash table to locate objects and maintain a strong data location.
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Hybrid P2P architectures avoid using central servers for locating peers, relying entirely on a distributed model.
Hybrid P2P architectures avoid using central servers for locating peers, relying entirely on a distributed model.
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Self-managing systems are systems that monitor themselves and take autonomous actions when necessary.
Self-managing systems are systems that monitor themselves and take autonomous actions when necessary.
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In the feedback control model, systems do not adapt based on monitoring workload or future demand.
In the feedback control model, systems do not adapt based on monitoring workload or future demand.
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BitTorrent is an example of collaborative P2P downloads where chunks of files are downloaded from multiple peers.
BitTorrent is an example of collaborative P2P downloads where chunks of files are downloaded from multiple peers.
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The Chord system in peer-to-peer architecture is unstructured and lacks the use of distributed hash tables.
The Chord system in peer-to-peer architecture is unstructured and lacks the use of distributed hash tables.
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Each tier in a three-tiered architecture has a vaguely defined role, allowing for significant overlap in responsibilities.
Each tier in a three-tiered architecture has a vaguely defined role, allowing for significant overlap in responsibilities.
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The main advantage of unstructured P2P architecture is that peers and contents are tightly-coupled, simplifying data location.
The main advantage of unstructured P2P architecture is that peers and contents are tightly-coupled, simplifying data location.
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Decentralized peer-to-peer architectures can scale out indefinitely without performance bottlenecks.
Decentralized peer-to-peer architectures can scale out indefinitely without performance bottlenecks.
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Study Notes
Communicating Entities in Distributed Systems
- Entities in distributed systems can be categorized into two types: system-oriented and problem-oriented.
- System-oriented entities include processes, threads, and nodes.
- Problem-oriented entities include objects (in object-oriented programming).
Containers
- Emulate operating system-level interface with native interface.
- Are considered "lightweight" virtual machines.
- They do not have a hypervisor and rely on OS support.
- They are commonly referred to as containers.
- Examples include Solaris containers, BSD jails, and Linux containers.
Docker and Linux Containers
- Linux containers utilize kernel features.
- Require user space tools like Virtuozo, OpenVZm, VServer, Lxc-tools, and Docker for management.
- Docker provides portability for container deployment across machines.
- It is application-centric and supports automatic builds from build files.
- Enhances component reuse.
- Docker containers are self-contained and free of dependencies.
VMs vs. Containers
- Virtual machines (VMs) provide a full operating system.
- Containers are more lightweight and run on a single OS kernel.
- VMs have stronger isolation, whereas containers share the kernel, potentially posing security risks.
- Containers are faster to start up and potentially have lower overhead.
- VMs are generally better suited for complex applications requiring different operating systems, while containers are ideal for applications that need to be easily deployed and managed across multiple machines.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in distributed systems, focusing on the categorization of entities and the role of containers. Learn about system-oriented and problem-oriented entities, and explore how Docker and Linux containers enhance application portability and reuse. Test your knowledge on these modern virtualization technologies.
