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Questions and Answers
What are the language-specific formats mentioned in the text for encoding in Distributed Systems?
What are the language-specific formats mentioned in the text for encoding in Distributed Systems?
What is mentioned as an example of unreliable communication systems in the text?
What is mentioned as an example of unreliable communication systems in the text?
What is highlighted as a characteristic of individual computers with 'good' software in the text?
What is highlighted as a characteristic of individual computers with 'good' software in the text?
What is mentioned as a potential issue in Distributed Systems due to buggy software and hardware issues?
What is mentioned as a potential issue in Distributed Systems due to buggy software and hardware issues?
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What is highlighted as a characteristic of Distributed Systems that is not always predictable?
What is highlighted as a characteristic of Distributed Systems that is not always predictable?
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What is mentioned as a consequence of internal faults in individual computers in the text?
What is mentioned as a consequence of internal faults in individual computers in the text?
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What is highlighted as a characteristic of Distributed Systems in contrast to individual computers with 'good' software?
What is highlighted as a characteristic of Distributed Systems in contrast to individual computers with 'good' software?
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What is mentioned as a potential issue in Distributed Systems due to memory or hard-drive corruption and loose connections?
What is mentioned as a potential issue in Distributed Systems due to memory or hard-drive corruption and loose connections?
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What is highlighted as a characteristic of individual computers with 'good' software in contrast to Distributed Systems?
What is highlighted as a characteristic of individual computers with 'good' software in contrast to Distributed Systems?
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What is mentioned as a potential issue in Distributed Systems due to failure of individual nodes?
What is mentioned as a potential issue in Distributed Systems due to failure of individual nodes?
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What is the formula for calculating accuracy in terms of round-trip time (RTT)?
What is the formula for calculating accuracy in terms of round-trip time (RTT)?
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What is the estimated current time if the transfer time is known to be 8 ms and the minimum RTT is 20 ms?
What is the estimated current time if the transfer time is known to be 8 ms and the minimum RTT is 20 ms?
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What are the assumptions made regarding clock increases in the message passing system?
What are the assumptions made regarding clock increases in the message passing system?
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In the message passing system, when is a packet considered delivered?
In the message passing system, when is a packet considered delivered?
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What is the relationship between Tclient and Tserver in the given formula Tclient = Tserver + (T1 – T0)/2?
What is the relationship between Tclient and Tserver in the given formula Tclient = Tserver + (T1 – T0)/2?
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What is the accuracy if the round-trip time (RTT) is 20 ms and the minimal RTT is 8 ms?
What is the accuracy if the round-trip time (RTT) is 20 ms and the minimal RTT is 8 ms?
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What could cause a similar issue to the one mentioned in the text about distributed systems?
What could cause a similar issue to the one mentioned in the text about distributed systems?
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What is the impact of an increased clock from (2,1,0) to (2,2,0) in the message passing system?
What is the impact of an increased clock from (2,1,0) to (2,2,0) in the message passing system?
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What is the impact of an increased clock from (2,2,0) to (2,2,2) in the message passing system?
What is the impact of an increased clock from (2,2,0) to (2,2,2) in the message passing system?
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In a distributed system, what is the role of a coordinator in a token-ring network?
In a distributed system, what is the role of a coordinator in a token-ring network?
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Which type of computing involves dedicated services running on specialized machines built to run specific applications on dedicated topologies, typically deployed in a single location?
Which type of computing involves dedicated services running on specialized machines built to run specific applications on dedicated topologies, typically deployed in a single location?
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What are examples of Discrete-event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) used to model the transition of states in complex Distributed Systems?
What are examples of Discrete-event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) used to model the transition of states in complex Distributed Systems?
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What are the advantages of Petri Nets in representing Distributed Systems?
What are the advantages of Petri Nets in representing Distributed Systems?
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Which algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to estimate transmission delay and synchronize time?
Which algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to estimate transmission delay and synchronize time?
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What does the Mutual Exclusion Problem in distributed systems involve?
What does the Mutual Exclusion Problem in distributed systems involve?
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What is the focus of cloud computing in terms of design and applications?
What is the focus of cloud computing in terms of design and applications?
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What are the different approaches to clocks in distributed systems?
What are the different approaches to clocks in distributed systems?
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What is the main difference between cloud computing and supercomputing networks?
What is the main difference between cloud computing and supercomputing networks?
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What is the purpose of high-performance computing in terms of design and applications?
What is the purpose of high-performance computing in terms of design and applications?
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What does synchronization with a time server involve in distributed systems?
What does synchronization with a time server involve in distributed systems?
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Faulty software and hardware issues in distributed systems can lead to deterministic behavior.
Faulty software and hardware issues in distributed systems can lead to deterministic behavior.
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Unreliable networks and clocks are not a concern in distributed systems.
Unreliable networks and clocks are not a concern in distributed systems.
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Linearizability guarantees eventual consistency in distributed systems.
Linearizability guarantees eventual consistency in distributed systems.
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IPFS is not a language-specific format used in encoding in distributed systems.
IPFS is not a language-specific format used in encoding in distributed systems.
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Individual computers with good software are always either fully functional or entirely broken.
Individual computers with good software are always either fully functional or entirely broken.
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Memory or hard-drive corruption and loose connections are not potential issues in distributed systems.
Memory or hard-drive corruption and loose connections are not potential issues in distributed systems.
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JSON and XML are not mentioned as language-specific formats for encoding in distributed systems.
JSON and XML are not mentioned as language-specific formats for encoding in distributed systems.
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Distributed systems are always predictable due to their design and architecture.
Distributed systems are always predictable due to their design and architecture.
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Non-deterministic behavior is not a concern in distributed systems.
Non-deterministic behavior is not a concern in distributed systems.
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In case of internal faults, distributed systems always return wrong results instead of crashing.
In case of internal faults, distributed systems always return wrong results instead of crashing.
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Message m1 is sent, increase clock $p2$ from $(2,1,0)$ to $(2,2,0)$, and the message is sent within the same process (same as in $p1$ from $a$ to $b$).
Message m1 is sent, increase clock $p2$ from $(2,1,0)$ to $(2,2,0)$, and the message is sent within the same process (same as in $p1$ from $a$ to $b$).
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In the formula $T_{client} = T_{server} + (T1 - T0)/2$, if $T_{server}$ is $10:54:28.342$ and $(T1 - T0)$ is $0.020$, then $T_{client}$ is $10:54:28.352$.
In the formula $T_{client} = T_{server} + (T1 - T0)/2$, if $T_{server}$ is $10:54:28.342$ and $(T1 - T0)$ is $0.020$, then $T_{client}$ is $10:54:28.352$.
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The accuracy of the estimated current time is $+/- 10$ ms if the round-trip time (RTT) is $20$ ms and the minimal RTT is $0$ ms.
The accuracy of the estimated current time is $+/- 10$ ms if the round-trip time (RTT) is $20$ ms and the minimal RTT is $0$ ms.
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The setting remains the same, but the accuracy improves to $+/- 2$ ms if the transfer time is known to be $8$ ms (i.e., RTT is $0.008$ s).
The setting remains the same, but the accuracy improves to $+/- 2$ ms if the transfer time is known to be $8$ ms (i.e., RTT is $0.008$ s).
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The token-ring could cause a similar issue in distributed systems if a node is busy or crashed, but it has no coordinator.
The token-ring could cause a similar issue in distributed systems if a node is busy or crashed, but it has no coordinator.
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The accuracy of the estimated current time is $+/- 2$ ms if the transfer time is known to be $8$ ms and the minimal RTT is $20$ ms.
The accuracy of the estimated current time is $+/- 2$ ms if the transfer time is known to be $8$ ms and the minimal RTT is $20$ ms.
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In the message passing system, a packet is considered delivered when only the sender's logical clock is increased.
In the message passing system, a packet is considered delivered when only the sender's logical clock is increased.
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Synchronization with a time server in distributed systems involves estimating transmission delay and synchronizing time using the Network Time Protocol (NTP).
Synchronization with a time server in distributed systems involves estimating transmission delay and synchronizing time using the Network Time Protocol (NTP).
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In a distributed system, the role of a coordinator in a token-ring network is to handle the token passing and ensure fair access to the network.
In a distributed system, the role of a coordinator in a token-ring network is to handle the token passing and ensure fair access to the network.
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The formula $T_{client} = T_{server} + (T1 - T0)/2$ highlights the relationship between the client and server times when estimating the current time.
The formula $T_{client} = T_{server} + (T1 - T0)/2$ highlights the relationship between the client and server times when estimating the current time.
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Cloud computing networks are more reliable than the servers, software, and network of supercomputing setups.
Cloud computing networks are more reliable than the servers, software, and network of supercomputing setups.
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Petri Nets have guidelines for correct representation to avoid growing very fast.
Petri Nets have guidelines for correct representation to avoid growing very fast.
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Cristian’s algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to estimate transmission delay and synchronize time.
Cristian’s algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to estimate transmission delay and synchronize time.
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Physical clocks in distributed systems have the same implementation advantages as logical clocks such as Lamport and vector clocks.
Physical clocks in distributed systems have the same implementation advantages as logical clocks such as Lamport and vector clocks.
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The Mutual Exclusion Problem in distributed systems involves ensuring safety, liveness, and ordering.
The Mutual Exclusion Problem in distributed systems involves ensuring safety, liveness, and ordering.
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Cloud computing is designed for specific, high-processing capacity services using specialized hardware.
Cloud computing is designed for specific, high-processing capacity services using specialized hardware.
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Synchronization with a time server involves using a time server with very accurate time.
Synchronization with a time server involves using a time server with very accurate time.
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Discrete-event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) model the transition of states in complex Distributed Systems using synchronous discrete events.
Discrete-event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) model the transition of states in complex Distributed Systems using synchronous discrete events.
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Petri Nets are not a simple and graphical way to represent Distributed Systems.
Petri Nets are not a simple and graphical way to represent Distributed Systems.
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High-performance computing is designed for relatively low processing applications.
High-performance computing is designed for relatively low processing applications.
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What are the language-specific formats mentioned in the text for encoding in Distributed Systems?
What are the language-specific formats mentioned in the text for encoding in Distributed Systems?
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What is mentioned as a potential issue in Distributed Systems due to buggy software and hardware issues?
What is mentioned as a potential issue in Distributed Systems due to buggy software and hardware issues?
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What is highlighted as a characteristic of Distributed Systems that is not always predictable?
What is highlighted as a characteristic of Distributed Systems that is not always predictable?
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What are the assumptions made regarding clock increases in the message passing system?
What are the assumptions made regarding clock increases in the message passing system?
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What is mentioned as an example of unreliable communication systems in the text?
What is mentioned as an example of unreliable communication systems in the text?
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What is the purpose of high-performance computing in terms of design and applications?
What is the purpose of high-performance computing in terms of design and applications?
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What is mentioned as a consequence of internal faults in individual computers in the text?
What is mentioned as a consequence of internal faults in individual computers in the text?
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What is mentioned as a potential issue in Distributed Systems due to memory or hard-drive corruption and loose connections?
What is mentioned as a potential issue in Distributed Systems due to memory or hard-drive corruption and loose connections?
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What does synchronization with a time server involve in distributed systems?
What does synchronization with a time server involve in distributed systems?
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What are the different approaches to clocks in distributed systems?
What are the different approaches to clocks in distributed systems?
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What are the different types of services offered by cloud computing?
What are the different types of services offered by cloud computing?
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What are some examples of Discrete-event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) used to model complex Distributed Systems?
What are some examples of Discrete-event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) used to model complex Distributed Systems?
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What is the main difference between cloud computing and supercomputing networks?
What is the main difference between cloud computing and supercomputing networks?
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What is the purpose of synchronization with a time server in distributed systems?
What is the purpose of synchronization with a time server in distributed systems?
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What are the advantages of Petri Nets in representing Distributed Systems?
What are the advantages of Petri Nets in representing Distributed Systems?
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What is the Mutual Exclusion Problem in distributed systems and how can it be solved?
What is the Mutual Exclusion Problem in distributed systems and how can it be solved?
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What are the different approaches to clocks in distributed systems?
What are the different approaches to clocks in distributed systems?
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What are some examples of potential issues in Distributed Systems?
What are some examples of potential issues in Distributed Systems?
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What is the focus of cloud computing in terms of design and applications?
What is the focus of cloud computing in terms of design and applications?
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What is the role of Cristian’s algorithm in the Network Time Protocol (NTP)?
What is the role of Cristian’s algorithm in the Network Time Protocol (NTP)?
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What is the purpose of increasing the clock from (2,1,0) to (2,2,0) in the message passing system?
What is the purpose of increasing the clock from (2,1,0) to (2,2,0) in the message passing system?
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What is the accuracy of the estimated current time if the round-trip time (RTT) is 20 ms and the minimal RTT is 8 ms?
What is the accuracy of the estimated current time if the round-trip time (RTT) is 20 ms and the minimal RTT is 8 ms?
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What is the main difference between cloud computing and supercomputing networks?
What is the main difference between cloud computing and supercomputing networks?
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What are the different approaches to clocks in distributed systems?
What are the different approaches to clocks in distributed systems?
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What is the relationship between $T_{client}$ and $T_{server}$ in the given formula $T_{client} = T_{server} + (T1 - T0)/2$?
What is the relationship between $T_{client}$ and $T_{server}$ in the given formula $T_{client} = T_{server} + (T1 - T0)/2$?
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What is the focus of cloud computing in terms of design and applications?
What is the focus of cloud computing in terms of design and applications?
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What is mentioned as a potential issue in Distributed Systems due to buggy software and hardware issues?
What is mentioned as a potential issue in Distributed Systems due to buggy software and hardware issues?
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What is highlighted as a characteristic of Distributed Systems that is not always predictable?
What is highlighted as a characteristic of Distributed Systems that is not always predictable?
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What is the impact of an increased clock from (2,2,0) to (2,2,2) in the message passing system?
What is the impact of an increased clock from (2,2,0) to (2,2,2) in the message passing system?
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What is mentioned as a consequence of internal faults in individual computers in the text?
What is mentioned as a consequence of internal faults in individual computers in the text?
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Individual computer with “good” software is usually either fully functional or entirely broken, but not something in-between – Deterministic behavior – In case of internal ______, system “crashes” instead of returning wrong results However… Distributed Systems are not always predictable – Buggy software and hardware issues Logic errors, syntax, flaky performance, security defects Memory or hard-drive corruption, loose connection – Non-deterministic behavior Failure of individual nodes (i.e.
Individual computer with “good” software is usually either fully functional or entirely broken, but not something in-between – Deterministic behavior – In case of internal ______, system “crashes” instead of returning wrong results However… Distributed Systems are not always predictable – Buggy software and hardware issues Logic errors, syntax, flaky performance, security defects Memory or hard-drive corruption, loose connection – Non-deterministic behavior Failure of individual nodes (i.e.
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Distributed Systems Exercise 02 Dr. Bruno Rodrigues, Prof. Dr. Burkhard Stiller Department of Informatics IfI, Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Zurich UZH [rodrigues|stiller]@ifi.uzh.ch © 2023 UZH, CSG@IfI 1 Outline Summary Lecture 04 Review E02 Release E03 © 2023 UZH, CSG@IfI 2 Content DS Tour D‘Horizon on Distributed Systems and ______ in Distributed Systems – Language-specific Formats – JSON, XML, Binary, ASN.1 – IPFS Unreliable Communication Systems – Faults – Unreliable Networks and Clocks – Knowledge, Truth, Lies Consistency and Consensus in Distributed Systems – Guarantees – Linearizability – Ordering © 2023 UZH, CSG@IfI 3 Summary DS Part 2 Unreliable Communication Systems © 2023 UZH, CSG@IfI 4 Faults and Partial Failures Individual computer with “good” software is usually either fully functional or entirely broken, but not something in-between – Deterministic behavior – In case of internal faults, system “crashes” instead of returning wrong results However… Distributed Systems are not always predictable – Buggy software and hardware issues Logic errors, syntax, flaky performance, security defects Memory or hard-drive corruption, loose connection – Non-deterministic behavior Failure of individual nodes (i.e.
Distributed Systems Exercise 02 Dr. Bruno Rodrigues, Prof. Dr. Burkhard Stiller Department of Informatics IfI, Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Zurich UZH [rodrigues|stiller]@ifi.uzh.ch © 2023 UZH, CSG@IfI 1 Outline Summary Lecture 04 Review E02 Release E03 © 2023 UZH, CSG@IfI 2 Content DS Tour D‘Horizon on Distributed Systems and ______ in Distributed Systems – Language-specific Formats – JSON, XML, Binary, ASN.1 – IPFS Unreliable Communication Systems – Faults – Unreliable Networks and Clocks – Knowledge, Truth, Lies Consistency and Consensus in Distributed Systems – Guarantees – Linearizability – Ordering © 2023 UZH, CSG@IfI 3 Summary DS Part 2 Unreliable Communication Systems © 2023 UZH, CSG@IfI 4 Faults and Partial Failures Individual computer with “good” software is usually either fully functional or entirely broken, but not something in-between – Deterministic behavior – In case of internal faults, system “crashes” instead of returning wrong results However… Distributed Systems are not always predictable – Buggy software and hardware issues Logic errors, syntax, flaky performance, security defects Memory or hard-drive corruption, loose connection – Non-deterministic behavior Failure of individual nodes (i.e.
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Cristian’s algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to ______ transmission delay and synchronize time.
Cristian’s algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to ______ transmission delay and synchronize time.
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The token-ring could cause a similar issue in distributed systems if a node is ______ or crashed, but it has no coordinator.
The token-ring could cause a similar issue in distributed systems if a node is ______ or crashed, but it has no coordinator.
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What is mentioned as a potential issue in Distributed Systems due to buggy software and hardware issues?
What is mentioned as a potential issue in Distributed Systems due to buggy software and hardware issues?
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Cloud computing networks are more reliable than the servers, software, and network of supercomputing setups.
Cloud computing networks are more reliable than the servers, software, and network of supercomputing setups.
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What does synchronization with a time server involve in distributed systems?
What does synchronization with a time server involve in distributed systems?
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What is mentioned as a consequence of internal faults in individual computers in the text?
What is mentioned as a consequence of internal faults in individual computers in the text?
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What does synchronization with a time server involve in distributed systems?
What does synchronization with a time server involve in distributed systems?
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Petri Nets have guidelines for correct representation to avoid growing very fast.
Petri Nets have guidelines for correct representation to avoid growing very fast.
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The client estimates its current time to be: 10:54:28.342 + 0.02/2 = ______
The client estimates its current time to be: 10:54:28.342 + 0.02/2 = ______
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The accuracy is +/- 10 ms (half of the RTT of 20 ms). If the transfer time is known to be 8 ms (i.e., RTT is 0.008 s), the setting remains the same but the accuracy improves to +/- ______ ms.
The accuracy is +/- 10 ms (half of the RTT of 20 ms). If the transfer time is known to be 8 ms (i.e., RTT is 0.008 s), the setting remains the same but the accuracy improves to +/- ______ ms.
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The client selects the minimum RTT: 20 ms = 0.02 s. = 20ms/2 – 0 ms. Then, the client estimates its current time to be: 10:54:28.342 + 0.02/2 = ______ ms
The client selects the minimum RTT: 20 ms = 0.02 s. = 20ms/2 – 0 ms. Then, the client estimates its current time to be: 10:54:28.342 + 0.02/2 = ______ ms
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What is the accuracy if the round-trip time (RTT) is 20 ms and the minimal RTT is 8 ms? Accuracy = (Current RTT/2) – minimal RTT = ______ ms
What is the accuracy if the round-trip time (RTT) is 20 ms and the minimal RTT is 8 ms? Accuracy = (Current RTT/2) – minimal RTT = ______ ms
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Accuracy = (Current RTT/2) – minimal RTT = 20ms/2 – 8 ms = 10 – 8 = ______ ms
Accuracy = (Current RTT/2) – minimal RTT = 20ms/2 – 8 ms = 10 – 8 = ______ ms
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Accuracy = (Current RTT/2) – minimal RTT 1. The client selects the minimum RTT: 20 ms = 0.02 s. = 20ms/2 – 0 ms 2. Then, the client estimates its current time to be: 10:54:28.342 + 0.02/2 = 10 ms 3. The accuracy is +/- 10 ms (half of the RTT of 20 ms). 4. If the transfer time is known to be 8 ms (i.e., RTT is 0.008 s), the setting remains the same but the accuracy improves to +/- ______ ms.
Accuracy = (Current RTT/2) – minimal RTT 1. The client selects the minimum RTT: 20 ms = 0.02 s. = 20ms/2 – 0 ms 2. Then, the client estimates its current time to be: 10:54:28.342 + 0.02/2 = 10 ms 3. The accuracy is +/- 10 ms (half of the RTT of 20 ms). 4. If the transfer time is known to be 8 ms (i.e., RTT is 0.008 s), the setting remains the same but the accuracy improves to +/- ______ ms.
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The accuracy of the estimated current time is $+/- ______$ ms if the transfer time is known to be $8$ ms and the minimal RTT is $______0$ ms.
The accuracy of the estimated current time is $+/- ______$ ms if the transfer time is known to be $8$ ms and the minimal RTT is $______0$ ms.
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What is the estimated current time if the transfer time is known to be 8 ms and the minimum RTT is 20 ms? The estimated current time is ______ ms.
What is the estimated current time if the transfer time is known to be 8 ms and the minimum RTT is 20 ms? The estimated current time is ______ ms.
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What is the accuracy of the estimated current time if the round-trip time (RTT) is 20 ms and the minimal RTT is 8 ms? The accuracy is ______ ms.
What is the accuracy of the estimated current time if the round-trip time (RTT) is 20 ms and the minimal RTT is 8 ms? The accuracy is ______ ms.
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The setting remains the same, but the accuracy improves to $+/- ______$ ms if the transfer time is known to be $8$ ms (i.e., RTT is $0.008$ s).
The setting remains the same, but the accuracy improves to $+/- ______$ ms if the transfer time is known to be $8$ ms (i.e., RTT is $0.008$ s).
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Cloud computing networks are relatively less reliable compared to the more reliable servers, software, and network of ______ setups
Cloud computing networks are relatively less reliable compared to the more reliable servers, software, and network of ______ setups
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Distributed Systems rely on asynchronous discrete events, with examples including Petri Nets, Stochastic Petri Nets, and Markov Chain
Distributed Systems rely on asynchronous discrete events, with examples including Petri Nets, Stochastic Petri Nets, and Markov Chain
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______ are a simple and graphical way to represent Distributed Systems, offering advantages like easy design and graphical illustration, but they can grow very fast and have no guidelines for correct representation
______ are a simple and graphical way to represent Distributed Systems, offering advantages like easy design and graphical illustration, but they can grow very fast and have no guidelines for correct representation
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Cristian’s algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to estimate transmission delay and ______ time
Cristian’s algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to estimate transmission delay and ______ time
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Different approaches to clocks include physical clocks, logical clocks such as Lamport and ______, each with its own pros and cons in terms of implementation, synchronization, and causality
Different approaches to clocks include physical clocks, logical clocks such as Lamport and ______, each with its own pros and cons in terms of implementation, synchronization, and causality
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Mutual Exclusion Problem in distributed systems involves ensuring safety, liveness, and ______, and can be solved using application-level protocols and alternative approaches like centralized, distributed, and token-ring approaches
Mutual Exclusion Problem in distributed systems involves ensuring safety, liveness, and ______, and can be solved using application-level protocols and alternative approaches like centralized, distributed, and token-ring approaches
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Review of cloud computing highlights its design for different types of services, generic hardware, and relatively low processing applications, while ______ is designed for specific, high-processing capacity services, using specialized hardware and typically deployed in a single location
Review of cloud computing highlights its design for different types of services, generic hardware, and relatively low processing applications, while ______ is designed for specific, high-processing capacity services, using specialized hardware and typically deployed in a single location
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Synchronization with a time server involves using a time server with very accurate time, and Cristian’s algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to estimate transmission delay and synchronize time
Synchronization with a time server involves using a time server with very accurate time, and Cristian’s algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to estimate transmission delay and synchronize time
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Discrete-event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) model the transition of states in complex Distributed Systems, relying on ______ discrete events, with examples including Petri Nets, Stochastic Petri Nets, and Markov Chain
Discrete-event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) model the transition of states in complex Distributed Systems, relying on ______ discrete events, with examples including Petri Nets, Stochastic Petri Nets, and Markov Chain
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Supercomputing, on the other hand, involves dedicated services running on specialized machines built to run specific applications on dedicated topologies, typically deployed in a single location
Supercomputing, on the other hand, involves dedicated services running on specialized machines built to run specific applications on dedicated topologies, typically deployed in a single location
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Match the following event with its impact on the message passing system:
Match the following event with its impact on the message passing system:
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Match the following formulas with their corresponding meaning in the context of time estimation:
Match the following formulas with their corresponding meaning in the context of time estimation:
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Match the potential issue in Distributed Systems with its cause:
Match the potential issue in Distributed Systems with its cause:
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Match the following network types with their characteristic feature:
Match the following network types with their characteristic feature:
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Match the following event with its impact on the token-ring network in distributed systems:
Match the following event with its impact on the token-ring network in distributed systems:
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Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
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Match the following aspects of time synchronization in distributed systems with their descriptions:
Match the following aspects of time synchronization in distributed systems with their descriptions:
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Match the following characteristics of cloud computing and supercomputing with their descriptions:
Match the following characteristics of cloud computing and supercomputing with their descriptions:
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Match the following issues and consequences in distributed systems with their descriptions:
Match the following issues and consequences in distributed systems with their descriptions:
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Match the following language-specific formats with their usage in encoding in Distributed Systems:
Match the following language-specific formats with their usage in encoding in Distributed Systems:
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Match the following concepts with their description in the context of Unreliable Communication Systems:
Match the following concepts with their description in the context of Unreliable Communication Systems:
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Match the following terms with their explanation in the context of Unreliable Communication Systems:
Match the following terms with their explanation in the context of Unreliable Communication Systems:
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Match the following terms with their role in Distributed Systems:
Match the following terms with their role in Distributed Systems:
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Match the following terms with their impact on Distributed Systems:
Match the following terms with their impact on Distributed Systems:
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Match the following terms with their role in Distributed Systems:
Match the following terms with their role in Distributed Systems:
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Match the following terms with their impact on Distributed Systems:
Match the following terms with their impact on Distributed Systems:
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Match the following terms with their role in Distributed Systems:
Match the following terms with their role in Distributed Systems:
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Match the following terms with their explanation in the context of Distributed Systems:
Match the following terms with their explanation in the context of Distributed Systems:
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Match the following terms with their role in Distributed Systems:
Match the following terms with their role in Distributed Systems:
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Study Notes
Distributed Systems and Cloud vs. Supercomputing
- Cloud computing offers a variety of services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) running on virtual machines, using commodity hardware and geographically distributed data centers.
- Supercomputing, on the other hand, involves dedicated services running on specialized machines built to run specific applications on dedicated topologies, typically deployed in a single location.
- Cloud computing networks are relatively less reliable compared to the more reliable servers, software, and network of supercomputing setups.
- Discrete-event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) model the transition of states in complex Distributed Systems, relying on asynchronous discrete events, with examples including Petri Nets, Stochastic Petri Nets, and Markov Chain.
- Petri Nets are a simple and graphical way to represent Distributed Systems, offering advantages like easy design and graphical illustration, but they can grow very fast and have no guidelines for correct representation.
- Synchronization with a time server involves using a time server with very accurate time, and Cristian’s algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to estimate transmission delay and synchronize time.
- Different approaches to clocks include physical clocks, logical clocks such as Lamport and vector clocks, each with its own pros and cons in terms of implementation, synchronization, and causality.
- Mutual Exclusion Problem in distributed systems involves ensuring safety, liveness, and ordering, and can be solved using application-level protocols and alternative approaches like centralized, distributed, and token-ring approaches.
- Review of cloud computing highlights its design for different types of services, generic hardware, and relatively low processing applications, while high-performance computing is designed for specific, high-processing capacity services, using specialized hardware and typically deployed in a single location.
Distributed Systems and Cloud vs. Supercomputing
- Cloud computing offers a variety of services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) running on virtual machines, using commodity hardware and geographically distributed data centers.
- Supercomputing, on the other hand, involves dedicated services running on specialized machines built to run specific applications on dedicated topologies, typically deployed in a single location.
- Cloud computing networks are relatively less reliable compared to the more reliable servers, software, and network of supercomputing setups.
- Discrete-event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) model the transition of states in complex Distributed Systems, relying on asynchronous discrete events, with examples including Petri Nets, Stochastic Petri Nets, and Markov Chain.
- Petri Nets are a simple and graphical way to represent Distributed Systems, offering advantages like easy design and graphical illustration, but they can grow very fast and have no guidelines for correct representation.
- Synchronization with a time server involves using a time server with very accurate time, and Cristian’s algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to estimate transmission delay and synchronize time.
- Different approaches to clocks include physical clocks, logical clocks such as Lamport and vector clocks, each with its own pros and cons in terms of implementation, synchronization, and causality.
- Mutual Exclusion Problem in distributed systems involves ensuring safety, liveness, and ordering, and can be solved using application-level protocols and alternative approaches like centralized, distributed, and token-ring approaches.
- Review of cloud computing highlights its design for different types of services, generic hardware, and relatively low processing applications, while high-performance computing is designed for specific, high-processing capacity services, using specialized hardware and typically deployed in a single location.
Distributed Systems and Cloud vs. Supercomputing
- Cloud computing offers a variety of services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) running on virtual machines, using commodity hardware and geographically distributed data centers.
- Supercomputing, on the other hand, involves dedicated services running on specialized machines built to run specific applications on dedicated topologies, typically deployed in a single location.
- Cloud computing networks are relatively less reliable compared to the more reliable servers, software, and network of supercomputing setups.
- Discrete-event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) model the transition of states in complex Distributed Systems, relying on asynchronous discrete events, with examples including Petri Nets, Stochastic Petri Nets, and Markov Chain.
- Petri Nets are a simple and graphical way to represent Distributed Systems, offering advantages like easy design and graphical illustration, but they can grow very fast and have no guidelines for correct representation.
- Synchronization with a time server involves using a time server with very accurate time, and Cristian’s algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to estimate transmission delay and synchronize time.
- Different approaches to clocks include physical clocks, logical clocks such as Lamport and vector clocks, each with its own pros and cons in terms of implementation, synchronization, and causality.
- Mutual Exclusion Problem in distributed systems involves ensuring safety, liveness, and ordering, and can be solved using application-level protocols and alternative approaches like centralized, distributed, and token-ring approaches.
- Review of cloud computing highlights its design for different types of services, generic hardware, and relatively low processing applications, while high-performance computing is designed for specific, high-processing capacity services, using specialized hardware and typically deployed in a single location.
Distributed Systems and Cloud vs. Supercomputing
- Cloud computing offers a variety of services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) running on virtual machines, using commodity hardware and geographically distributed data centers.
- Supercomputing, on the other hand, involves dedicated services running on specialized machines built to run specific applications on dedicated topologies, typically deployed in a single location.
- Cloud computing networks are relatively less reliable compared to the more reliable servers, software, and network of supercomputing setups.
- Discrete-event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) model the transition of states in complex Distributed Systems, relying on asynchronous discrete events, with examples including Petri Nets, Stochastic Petri Nets, and Markov Chain.
- Petri Nets are a simple and graphical way to represent Distributed Systems, offering advantages like easy design and graphical illustration, but they can grow very fast and have no guidelines for correct representation.
- Synchronization with a time server involves using a time server with very accurate time, and Cristian’s algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to estimate transmission delay and synchronize time.
- Different approaches to clocks include physical clocks, logical clocks such as Lamport and vector clocks, each with its own pros and cons in terms of implementation, synchronization, and causality.
- Mutual Exclusion Problem in distributed systems involves ensuring safety, liveness, and ordering, and can be solved using application-level protocols and alternative approaches like centralized, distributed, and token-ring approaches.
- Review of cloud computing highlights its design for different types of services, generic hardware, and relatively low processing applications, while high-performance computing is designed for specific, high-processing capacity services, using specialized hardware and typically deployed in a single location.
Distributed Systems and Cloud vs. Supercomputing
- Cloud computing offers a variety of services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) running on virtual machines, using commodity hardware and geographically distributed data centers.
- Supercomputing, on the other hand, involves dedicated services running on specialized machines built to run specific applications on dedicated topologies, typically deployed in a single location.
- Cloud computing networks are relatively less reliable compared to the more reliable servers, software, and network of supercomputing setups.
- Discrete-event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) model the transition of states in complex Distributed Systems, relying on asynchronous discrete events, with examples including Petri Nets, Stochastic Petri Nets, and Markov Chain.
- Petri Nets are a simple and graphical way to represent Distributed Systems, offering advantages like easy design and graphical illustration, but they can grow very fast and have no guidelines for correct representation.
- Synchronization with a time server involves using a time server with very accurate time, and Cristian’s algorithm is used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to estimate transmission delay and synchronize time.
- Different approaches to clocks include physical clocks, logical clocks such as Lamport and vector clocks, each with its own pros and cons in terms of implementation, synchronization, and causality.
- Mutual Exclusion Problem in distributed systems involves ensuring safety, liveness, and ordering, and can be solved using application-level protocols and alternative approaches like centralized, distributed, and token-ring approaches.
- Review of cloud computing highlights its design for different types of services, generic hardware, and relatively low processing applications, while high-performance computing is designed for specific, high-processing capacity services, using specialized hardware and typically deployed in a single location.
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Description
Test your knowledge of distributed systems and different computing paradigms with this quiz. Explore topics such as cloud computing, supercomputing, discrete-event dynamic systems, synchronization, clocks, and mutual exclusion problems in distributed systems.
