Podcast
Questions and Answers
In distillation, what physical change occurs when gas cools in the condenser?
In distillation, what physical change occurs when gas cools in the condenser?
- Evaporation
- Sublimation
- Condensation (correct)
- Melting
What is the primary function of a Liebig condenser in a distillation setup?
What is the primary function of a Liebig condenser in a distillation setup?
- Increasing pressure
- Cooling and condensing vapor (correct)
- Measuring temperature
- Heating the sample
During distillation, which component of a mixture evaporates first?
During distillation, which component of a mixture evaporates first?
- The component with the lowest boiling point (correct)
- The component with the highest boiling point
- The most dense component
- The most viscous component
What is the substance collected in the receiving flask during distillation called?
What is the substance collected in the receiving flask during distillation called?
In a distillation of salt water, what remains in the round-bottomed flask after the water has been distilled?
In a distillation of salt water, what remains in the round-bottomed flask after the water has been distilled?
What key property differentiates fractional distillation from simple distillation?
What key property differentiates fractional distillation from simple distillation?
What is the purpose of the glass beads or packing inside a fractionating column?
What is the purpose of the glass beads or packing inside a fractionating column?
Why is fractional distillation preferred over simple distillation for separating crude oil?
Why is fractional distillation preferred over simple distillation for separating crude oil?
In fractional distillation, where do components with higher boiling points tend to condense within the fractionating column?
In fractional distillation, where do components with higher boiling points tend to condense within the fractionating column?
During fractional distillation of crude oil, which hydrocarbon will be collected first?
During fractional distillation of crude oil, which hydrocarbon will be collected first?
Which of the following is a key characteristic that indicates a distillate is pure water?
Which of the following is a key characteristic that indicates a distillate is pure water?
If a mixture contains three liquids with boiling points of 65°C, 95°C, and 120°C, in what order will they distill out during fractional distillation?
If a mixture contains three liquids with boiling points of 65°C, 95°C, and 120°C, in what order will they distill out during fractional distillation?
Why is it important to have cold water circulating through the Liebig condenser during distillation?
Why is it important to have cold water circulating through the Liebig condenser during distillation?
Which of the following best describes the movement of cooling water in a Liebig condenser?
Which of the following best describes the movement of cooling water in a Liebig condenser?
In the context of distillation, what does 'condensate' refer to?
In the context of distillation, what does 'condensate' refer to?
Which piece of equipment is essential for measuring the temperature of the vapor during distillation?
Which piece of equipment is essential for measuring the temperature of the vapor during distillation?
In a distillation setup, where should the thermometer bulb be positioned to accurately measure the vapor temperature?
In a distillation setup, where should the thermometer bulb be positioned to accurately measure the vapor temperature?
If you are distilling a mixture and the temperature suddenly drops significantly, what is the most likely cause?
If you are distilling a mixture and the temperature suddenly drops significantly, what is the most likely cause?
What should you do if, during distillation, the receiving flask is filling too slowly?
What should you do if, during distillation, the receiving flask is filling too slowly?
Besides boiling points, what other factor affects the efficiency of separation in fractional distillation:
Besides boiling points, what other factor affects the efficiency of separation in fractional distillation:
Flashcards
What is distillation?
What is distillation?
A separation technique that involves boiling a liquid and then condensing the vapor back into a liquid.
What is a Liebig condenser?
What is a Liebig condenser?
A component of distillation apparatus used to cool hot vapors and condense them back into a liquid.
What is condensation?
What is condensation?
The change of state from a gas to a liquid, usually caused by cooling.
What is distillate?
What is distillate?
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What is fractional distillation?
What is fractional distillation?
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What is fractional distillation's purpose?
What is fractional distillation's purpose?
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What properties are used in fractional distillation?
What properties are used in fractional distillation?
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Study Notes
- Distillation is a process to separate liquids
Keywords
- Liebig condenser is condenser equipment
- Condensation is the change of gas to a liquid
- Distillate is condensed liquid
- Fractional distillation is a separation technique
Do Now Answers
- Q1: (white/colourless) solid/crystals
- Q2: filtration
- Q2: filter funnel and filter paper, collecting vessel/beaker/conical flask
- Q2: react all the nitric acid in the solution so that the calcium nitrate solution is pure
- Q3: liquid goes through the paper, solid does not pass through
Simple Distillation
- Simple distillation separate the liquid from the mixture
- A round-bottomed flask contains the solution
- Flask connected to Liebig condenser
- Cold water goes into the condenser from the bottom and out from the top
- Heat the flask from the bottom
- The component with the lowest boiling point will evaporate first
- Gas goes into the condenser
- Gas cools and condenses back to a liquid and collected in a beaker and this is distillate
- The component with the highest boiling point will remain in the flask
- The distillate of pure water will boil at 100°C
Fractional Distillation
- Fractional distillation is useful for different compounds in a mixture like crude oil
- The added component used is a fractionating column containing glass beads
- The different hydrocarbons have different boiling points
- The one with the lowest boiling point will evaporate first
- A round-bottom flask contains the solution
- Flask connected to fractional column and condenser
- Cold water into the condenser from the bottom and out from the top
- Gently heat the flask from the bottom
- The component with the lowest boiling point will evaporate first
- Gas goes into the condenser
- Gas cools and condenses back to a liquid and collected in beaker
- Components with a higher boiling point may evaporate but will cool in the column and run back into the flask.
- When the first liquid has been collected, raise the temperature until the next lowest boiling point to collect the next component
Plenary Exam Questions
- Q1:
- solid
- condensation
- distillate
- Q1: Using a thermometer, the temperature is the boiling point of water / 100°C
- Q2: water boils/evaporates to form steam/water vapour, (steam/water vapour) condenses (to form pure water)
- Q2: use a (Liebig) condenser/surround test tube with (beaker of) iced/cold water/wrap delivery tube with cold cloth, increase effectiveness of cooling/amount of condensation/remove the heat energy more effectively/ensure all the water vapour condenses
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