Grants Pass 4

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What did the dissent claim about the Powell opinions on which Martin relied?

The Powell opinions interpret the Eighth Amendment as a case-specific affirmative defense.

The Powell opinions disregard the central holding of Martin.

The Powell opinions support criminal penalties on involuntarily homeless individuals.

The Powell opinions require an individualized showing of involuntariness. (correct)

What is the central holding of Martin?

Local governments may impose criminal penalties on involuntarily homeless individuals.

The Eighth Amendment prohibits laws criminalizing addiction.

The Eighth Amendment provides a case-specific affirmative defense.

Local governments may not criminalize involuntary conduct. (correct)

Why does the dissent believe that the Eighth Amendment provides only a case-specific affirmative defense?

Based on its interpretation of the Supreme Court opinions underlying Martin. (correct)

Based on the counterintuitive conclusion reached by the dissent.

Based on the criminal penalties imposed on involuntarily homeless individuals.

Based on the limitations read into Robinson, Powell, and Martin.

Which justice upheld the conviction of Leroy Powell in the plurality opinion?

Justice Marshall (D) Signup and view all the answers

Who dissented in the case of Leroy Powell's conviction?

Justice Fortas (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why did Justice White concur in the judgment?

He felt Powell failed to prove his status as an alcoholic compelled him to violate the law (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to Marks v. United States, what is treated as the holding of the Court?

The opinion that received the support of five justices (D) Signup and view all the answers

What did the district court conclude about the fines imposed under the anti-sleeping and anti-camping ordinances?

The fines were excessive and violated the Eighth Amendment. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did the district court note about any fine imposed for the conduct at issue?

Any fine would be excessive. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What did the district court enjoin in its entirety?

The park exclusion ordinance. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What did the district court determine about the previous park exclusion appeals ordinance?

It had no prospective relevance. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the narrow holding of Martin?

A person cannot be prosecuted for involuntary conduct if it is an unavoidable consequence of one's status (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many involuntarily homeless individuals are there in Grants Pass?

Around 50 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the dissent claim about Gloria Johnson's homelessness?

Gloria Johnson may not be involuntarily homeless in the City (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the dissent insist Gloria Johnson do to prove her homelessness?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the district court's ruling regarding the anti-camping ordinances?

The district court ruled that the anti-camping ordinances are unconstitutional. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do the anti-camping ordinances prohibit, in addition to bedding?

The anti-camping ordinances prohibit the erection of any structures. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the City's interest in the prohibitions on stoves, fires, and structures?

The text does not explain the City's interest in these prohibitions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What must be considered by the district court on remand?

The district court's limitations when a shelter bed is available. (D) Signup and view all the answers