Displacing Indigenous Peoples Chapter Overview

The forceful removal of native populations from their ancestral lands by European settlers and colonists.

The establishment of settlements and control of territories by people from another place.

Indigenous inhabitants of a land, existing before colonisation.

Stories and accounts of the past passed down through generations by word of mouth.

The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

The land that connected Asia and North America, enabling early humans to migrate across it.

The expansion of European powers, control over other lands through establishment of colonies.

The presence of people who inhabited North America much before the European arrival.

Agreements between the native people and European settlers defining the ownership of the land. Often disregarded.

Designated areas of land set aside for native peoples, often forced and with limited resources.

Self-governance and independent authority over an area.

The forced relocation of Cherokees from their homeland to Oklahoma, causing significant loss of life.

Adoption of the culture and customs of a dominant group by a native population.

Ornate belts made of colored shells, exchanged by Native American tribes to ratify agreements.

Name given to the area in the West of USA that the native Americans were forced to move to.

Regions settled and controlled by immigrants from Europe, often leading to displacement of native populations.

Independent countries formed when European colonies gained autonomy from their 'mother countries'.

Artistic expressions of indigenous cultures, reflecting their traditions, beliefs and narratives.

Groups that conducted business in distant lands, influencing political power and establishing colonies.

An immigrant who establishes a permanent residence in a new territory, often displacing indigenous people.

The name 'America' first emerged after Amerigo Vespucci's voyages and their publication, marking a new geographical understanding.

The name 'Canada' comes from the Huron-Iroquois word 'kaata' meaning village, first recorded by Jacques Cartier in 1535.

The name 'Australia' originated from the Latin 'austral' meaning 'south' referring to its location in the Southern Hemisphere.

The term 'New' was frequently used in place names in America and Australia, signifying unexplored lands discovered by Europeans.

The term 'native' referred to people born in a specific place, used by Europeans to describe indigenous inhabitants of colonized lands.

While 'native' is used broadly for indigenous people, 'aboriginal' specifically refers to the indigenous people of Australia.

French traders in North America sought fish and furs, establishing trade relationships with natives who were skilled hunters.

Native Americans exchanged handicrafts, food, and unique products at gatherings, reflecting their diverse cultures and skills.

European traders introduced alcohol to native Americans, leading to addiction and exploitation in trade relationships.

Europeans introduced iron vessels, blankets, and guns, which were new technologies for Native Americans, impacting their hunting and craft practices.

European philosophers like Rousseau saw Native Americans as 'noble savages', admiring their uncorrupted way of life, untouched by civilization.

While Europeans viewed natives as uncivilized, lacking imagination and emotion, some natives saw Europeans as greedy and deceitful, according to their creation stories.

European settlers defined civilized people as literate, religious, and urban dwellers, considering Native Americans lacking in these qualities.

Thomas Jefferson envisioned a nation populated by European farmers with small farms, contrasting with Native American practices of using land for subsistence.

The Louisiana Purchase, a land deal with France, significantly expanded America's territory, without native consent, leading to their displacement westward.

The westward expansion of America involved acquiring more land by purchase and war, forcing natives to move further west, denying them their land.

European settlers hunted bison to extinction, decimating a crucial food source for native Americans and impacting their traditional way of life.

The Gold Rush in California attracted countless Europeans, leading to the development of railways, which further connected the continent and facilitated industrial growth.

The Industrial Revolution in America was driven by the need to manufacture machinery for railways and large-scale farming, creating new industries and urban centers.

The 'frontier' was a constantly moving line representing the expansion of European settlement, pushing native Americans further west and altering the landscape.

The 'right to property' in the American Constitution granted individuals ownership of land, which was not recognized by native traditions, leading to conflict.

After expanding across the continent, the USA established colonies in Hawaii and the Philippines, taking on a role similar to the European powers it once challenged.

The 'Declaration of Indian Rights' asserted native Americans' right to maintain their culture and reservations even after accepting US citizenship.

The 'Great Australian Silence' refers to the lack of recognition and understanding of aboriginal history and culture in Australian historical narratives.

The 'Dreamtime' is a concept in aboriginal traditions where past, present, and future are interconnected, challenging European notions of time and history.

Terra nullius is a legal concept, declaring land as belonging to nobody, which was used to justify British colonization of Australia and deny native ownership of land.

National Sorry Day in Australia was a public apology for the forced separation of indigenous children from their families, acknowledging the wrongs committed during colonization.