Disorders of Pubertal Development
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Questions and Answers

Which hormone is responsible for the initiation of GnRH pulses?

  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Kisspeptin (correct)
  • Testosterone
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)

During the prepubertal stage, what are the serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and sex hormones?

  • Variable
  • Detectable
  • Excessive
  • Undetectable (correct)

What is the role of FSH and LH in puberty?

  • Regulation of somatic growth
  • Stimulation of gonads to produce sex steroid hormones (correct)
  • Initiation of GnRH pulses
  • Control of pubertal growth

Which hormone acts on the pituitary gland to release pituitary gonadotropins?

<p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropins lead to?

<p>Enlargement and maturation of the gonads (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is the key regulator of puberty?

<p>Kisspeptin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of puberty, which of the following statements is correct?

<p>Menarche coincides with the peak of the growth spurt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Concerning precocious puberty, which of the following statements is correct?

<p>In girls, it is usually idiopathic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of pubertal delay?

<p>Constitutional short stature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recognized cause of delayed puberty?

<p>Postinfectious (e.g., mumps orchitis) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the circulating levels of LH & FSH in hypergonadotropic hypogonadism?

<p>High (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mean age of menarche in females?

<p>12.75 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the first sign of puberty in males?

<p>Growth of the testes and thinin of scrotum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining age for precocious puberty in girls?

<p>8 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may lead to peripheral precocious puberty in girls?

<p>Ovarian tumors and cyst (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for isolated early appearance of pubic hair?

<p>Premature adrenarche (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treating precocious puberty?

<p>Synchronizing puberty with peers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines pubertal delay in boys?

<p>Lack of any pubertal sign by the age of 14 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conditions may cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?

<p>consti, malnutr, EE, grwthorme def, gonadotr def, hypopituitarism,brain tumor, kallman prader (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of premature menarche?

<p>Vulvovaginitis, sexual abuse, tumors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary investigative tool to determine bone age?

<p>X-ray examination of the hand and wrist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does premature thelarche refer to?

<p>Isolated early development of breast without other signs of puberty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment goal for pubertal delay?

<p>Synchronizing puberty with peers and acheive norm final height (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their associated cause of delayed puberty:

<p>Klinefelter’s Syndrome = Primary testicular failure Turner Syndrome = Gonadal dysgenesis Constitutional Delay of Puberty = Delayed skeletal maturation Acquired Delayed Puberty = Chemotherapy/Radiation/Surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hormonal levels with the associated condition of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism:

<p>High levels of LH &amp; FSH = Klinefelter’s Syndrome Elevated testosterone = Complete androgen insensitivity Increased estradiol = Laurence moon Biedl Brain tumors Low levels of TSH = Turner Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hormonal therapies with the appropriate treatment for pubertal delay:

<p>Testosterone injection for boys,Oestrogen pills for girls = Short-term hormonal therapy Reassurance for = constitutional pubertal delay Thyroid hormone replacement = L thyroxin Growth hormone administration = leuprolide/goserelin acetate IM</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their respective age range in females:

<p>Breast bud (thelarche) = 10-11 years of age Pubic hair (pubarche) = 6-12 months after thelarche Onset of menstrual activity (menarche) = Approximately 12.75 years of age Peak height velocity = Between 11 and 12 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their respective age range in males:

<p>Growth of the testes = 11-12 years of age Thinning of the scrotum = First signs of puberty Peak height velocity = Occurs approximately 2 years later than in females Growth spurt = May continue beyond 18 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of precocious puberty with their characteristics:

<p>Central (gonadotropin dependent) = Occurs 5-10-fold more frequently in girls than in boys Peripheral (gonadotropin independent) = Involves premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis Gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty = Presence of sex steroids is independent of pituitary gonadotropin release Gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty = Usually sporadic and may be idiopathic in 90% of females</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following causes with their respective type of precocious puberty:

<p>Idiopathic = Central (90% in females, 10% in males) McCune-Albright syndrome = Peripheral Congenital adrenal hyperplasia = Peripheral Hypothyroidism = Central</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their characteristics:

<p>Premature thelarche = Isolated breast development without estrogenic stimulation, usually non-progressive Premature adrenarche = Benign self-limiting condition due to early maturation of adrenal androgen secretion Premature menarche = Rare condition, common causes include vulvovaginitis and tumors Incomplete (Partial) Precocious Development = Isolated manifestations without development of other signs of puberty, such as breast development and sexual hair growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following investigative tools with their purposes:

<p>X-ray examination of hand and wrist = Determines bone age by assessing epiphyseal fusion due to estrogen stimulation Hormonal assay = Assesses sex hormone levels and thyroid function Pelvic ultrasonography in girls = Reveals progressive enlargement of ovaries and possible tumors MRI = May show central nervous system pathology causing precocious puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hormones with their role in pubertal development:

<p>Kisspeptin = Initiates GnRH pulses Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) = Acts on the pituitary gland to release pituitary gonadotropins (FSH, LH) FSH and LH = Acts on the gonads to produce the sex steroid hormones Sex steroid hormones = Responsible for somatic growth and pubertal growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages with their characteristics during puberty:

<p>Prepubertal stage = Undetectable serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and sex hormones Pubertal stage = Enlargement and maturation of the gonads, and the secretion of sex hormones Postpubertal stage = Full reproductive capacity is attained Early childhood = Dormant hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their description in pubertal development:

<p>Precocious puberty = Onset of sexual maturation before the age of 8-9 years in girls and 9 years in boys Delayed puberty = Absence of sexual maturation by age 13 in females and age 14 in males Peripheral precocious puberty = Stimulated by sex steroids or hCG produced by adrenal or gonadal tumors Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism = Elevated FSH and LH levels due to primary gonadal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following goals with their significance in managing pubertal development disorders:

<p>Suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity = Primary goal of treating precocious puberty Promoting somatic growth and sexual maturation = Primary goal of managing delayed puberty Identifying and treating underlying causes such as tumors or genetic disorders = Significant goal in managing pubertal development disorders Preventing psychological distress and social difficulties associated with early or delayed puberty = Significant goal in managing pubertal development disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

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