Disorders of Hemostasis: Basic Terminologies

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Petechiae are purplish, red, pinpoint hemorrhagic spots in the skin caused by loss of capillary ability to withstand normal blood pressure and trauma. They are also known as ______.

bruises

Ecchymosis is a form of purpura in which blood escapes into large areas of skin or mucous membranes, but not into deep tissue. It is commonly referred to as a ______.

bruise

Hemarthrosis is a medical condition characterized by bleeding into a ______ cavity.

joint

Epistaxis is a term used to describe a ______.

nosebleed Signup and view all the answers

Hematemesis indicates bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. This symptom is commonly known as ______.

vomiting blood Signup and view all the answers

Hematuria refers to the presence of intact RBCs in the ______.

urine Signup and view all the answers

Amyloidosis can involve and obstruct the function of many organs, including the vascular system, in which there is deposition of the fibrillar protein called ______

amyloid Signup and view all the answers

Damaged caused by autoimmune or infectious agents to the endothelial lining of the blood vessels may lead to hypercoagulation or ______

hypocoagulation Signup and view all the answers

Drug-induced purpura can be caused by quinine, procaine, penicillin, aspirin, sulfonamides, sedatives, and ______

coumarins Signup and view all the answers

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is purpura associated with abdominal pain secondary to GIT hemorrhaging associated with joint pain especially in the knees and ______

ankles Signup and view all the answers

Quantitative platelet disorders may lead to thrombocytopenia which can result from decreased production, dilutional loss, or ______

autoimmune Signup and view all the answers

Thrombocytopenia with absent radius (TAR) is characterized by absent or decreased and abnormal bone-marrow megakaryocytes, congenital deformities of the ______

arm Signup and view all the answers

Scurvy is a disorder caused by a deficiency of vitamin __

C Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin C is necessary for the hydroxylation of the amino acids __ and lysine

proline Signup and view all the answers

Senile purpura is associated with the degeneration of __, elastin, and subcutaneous fat

collagen Signup and view all the answers

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia is also known as __-WEBER RENDU

OSLER Signup and view all the answers

Congenital Hemangiomata is a syndrome associated with tumors composed of __

vessels Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes mellitus can lead to atherosclerosis in __ vessels

large Signup and view all the answers

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia lack of Gpiib-iiia 2.Afibrinogenemia complete absence of ______

fibrinogen Signup and view all the answers

Gray platelet syndrome alpha granules are missing, platelets are larger than normal and appear gray or blue-gray in Wright stain 2.Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Characterized by triad of thrombocytopenia, recurrent infections, and ______ Platelets lack alpha and dense granules. Platelets are small.

eczema Signup and view all the answers

Hermansky-Pudiak Syndrome Characterized by a triad of tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism, accumulation of ceroid-like pigment in macrophages and a bleeding tendency Associated with a lack of lysosome-related organelles (LROs) Melanosome malfunctioning LROs impair the proper packaging and distribution of melanin within the cell. This leads to decreased melanin production, resulting in the characteristic oculocutaneous Dense granules The absence of properly functioning dense granules in platelets due to LRO issues affects their ability to store and release essential clotting factors. The absence of properly functioning dense granules in platelets due to LRO issues affects their ability to store and release essential clotting factors. This contributes to the bleeding problems experienced by individuals with HPS. 4.Chediak-Higashi Syndrome Characterized by albinism, recurrent infections, and giant lysosomes Beta- granule deficiency ACQUIRED DEFECTS 1.Drugs aspirin, carbanicillin 2.Diet

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Diseases Myeloproliferative disorders Uremia DIC Paraproteneimias: Hemarthrosis is a medical condition characterized by bleeding into a cavity. Petechiae are purplish, red, pinpoint hemorrhagic spots in the skin caused by loss of capillary ability to withstand normal blood pressure and trauma. They are also known as . Ecchymosis is a form of purpura in which blood escapes into large areas of skin or mucous membranes, but not into deep tissue. It is commonly referred to as a . Epistaxis is a term used to describe a . Hematemesis indicates bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. This symptom is commonly known as . Hematuria refers to the presence of intact RBCs in the .

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Melena typically indicates bleeding higher up in the GI tract compared to bright red blood in stool (hematochezia) which often signifies bleeding in the lower GI tract. Digestive enzymes break down the red blood cells, giving the stool its characteristic black, tarry appearance. Menorrhagia refers to abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding. In some cases, underlying bleeding disorders like von Willebrand disease can cause excessive blood loss during menstruation. Bleeding disorders due to vascular defects hereditary connective tissue defects ______ The individual has hyperextensible joints and hyperplastic skin. Skin, vasculature, and bones of affected individuals lack structural support. The defect may lie in a peptidase enzyme deficiency that converts procollagen to collagen. Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum Connective tissue elastic fibers in small arteries are calcified and structurally abnormal. Subarachnoid and gastrointestinal bleeding are the most common causes of death elastic fibers are a vital component of connective tissues throughout the body, providing them with strength and elasticity. In PXE, the mineralization stiffens and weakens these fibers, leading to various complications in the affected tissues. Bleeding disorders due to vascular defects acquired connective tissue defects: The individual has hyperextensible joints and hyperplastic skin. Skin, vasculature, and bones of affected individuals lack structural support. The defect may lie in a peptidase enzyme deficiency that converts procollagen to collagen. The mineralization stiffens and weakens these fibers, leading to various complications in the affected tissues. The individual has hyperextensible joints and hyperplastic skin. Skin, vasculature, and bones of affected individuals lack structural support. The defect may lie in a peptidase enzyme deficiency that converts procollagen to collagen.

Ehlers-DanLos Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Melena typically indicates bleeding higher up in the GI tract compared to bright red blood in stool (hematochezia) which often signifies bleeding in the lower GI tract. Digestive enzymes break down the red blood cells, giving the stool its characteristic black, tarry appearance. Menorrhagia refers to abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding. In some cases, underlying bleeding disorders like von Willebrand disease can cause excessive blood loss during menstruation. Bleeding disorders due to vascular defects hereditary connective tissue defects: The individual has hyperextensible joints and hyperplastic skin. Skin, vasculature, and bones of affected individuals lack structural support. The defect may lie in a peptidase enzyme deficiency that converts procollagen to collagen. ______ Connective tissue elastic fibers in small arteries are calcified and structurally abnormal. Subarachnoid and gastrointestinal bleeding are the most common causes of death elastic fibers are a vital component of connective tissues throughout the body, providing them with strength and elasticity. In PXE, the mineralization stiffens and weakens these fibers, leading to various complications in the affected tissues. Bleeding disorders due to vascular defects acquired connective tissue defects: The individual has hyperextensible joints and hyperplastic skin. Skin, vasculature, and bones of affected individuals lack structural support. The defect may lie in a peptidase enzyme deficiency that converts procollagen to collagen. The mineralization stiffens and weakens these fibers, leading to various complications in the affected tissues. The individual has hyperextensible joints and hyperplastic skin. Skin, vasculature, and bones of affected individuals lack structural support. The defect may lie in a peptidase enzyme deficiency that converts procollagen to collagen.

Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum Signup and view all the answers

Melena typically indicates bleeding higher up in the GI tract compared to bright red blood in stool (hematochezia) which often signifies bleeding in the lower GI tract. Digestive enzymes break down the red blood cells, giving the stool its characteristic black, tarry appearance. Menorrhagia refers to abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding. In some cases, underlying bleeding disorders like ______ can cause excessive blood loss during menstruation. Bleeding disorders due to vascular defects hereditary connective tissue defects: The individual has hyperextensible joints and hyperplastic skin. Skin, vasculature, and bones of affected individuals lack structural support. The defect may lie in a peptidase enzyme deficiency that converts procollagen to collagen. Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum Connective tissue elastic fibers in small arteries are calcified and structurally abnormal. Subarachnoid and gastrointestinal bleeding are the most common causes of death elastic fibers are a vital component of connective tissues throughout the body, providing them with strength and elasticity. In PXE, the mineralization stiffens and weakens these fibers, leading to various complications in the affected tissues. Bleeding disorders due to vascular defects acquired connective tissue defects: The individual has hyperextensible joints and hyperplastic skin. Skin, vasculature, and bones of affected individuals lack structural support. The defect may lie in a peptidase enzyme deficiency that converts procollagen to collagen. The mineralization stiffens and weakens these fibers, leading to various complications in the affected tissues. The individual has hyperextensible joints and hyperplastic skin. Skin, vasculature, and bones of affected individuals lack structural support. The defect may lie in a peptidase enzyme deficiency that converts procollagen to collagen.

von Willebrand disease Signup and view all the answers

Melena typically indicates bleeding higher up in the GI tract compared to bright red blood in stool (hematochezia) which often signifies bleeding in the lower GI tract. Digestive enzymes break down the red blood cells, giving the stool its characteristic black, tarry appearance. Menorrhagia refers to abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding. In some cases, underlying bleeding disorders like von Willebrand disease can cause excessive blood loss during menstruation. Bleeding disorders due to vascular defects hereditary ______: The individual has hyperextensible joints and hyperplastic skin. Skin, vasculature, and bones of affected individuals lack structural support. The defect may lie in a peptidase enzyme deficiency that converts procollagen to collagen.

connective tissue defects Signup and view all the answers

Melena typically indicates bleeding higher up in the GI tract compared to bright red blood in stool (hematochezia) which often signifies bleeding in the lower GI tract. Digestive enzymes break down the red blood cells, giving the stool its characteristic black, tarry appearance. Menorrhagia refers to abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding. In some cases, underlying bleeding disorders like von Willebrand disease can cause excessive blood loss during menstruation. Bleeding disorders due to vascular defects hereditary connective tissue defects: The individual has hyperextensible joints and hyperplastic skin. Skin, vasculature, and bones of affected individuals lack structural support. The defect may lie in a peptidase enzyme deficiency that converts procollagen to collagen. Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum Connective tissue in small arteries are calcified and structurally abnormal. Subarachnoid and gastrointestinal bleeding are the most common causes of death are a vital component of connective tissues throughout the body, providing them with strength and elasticity.

elastic fibers Signup and view all the answers

Melena typically indicates bleeding higher up in the GI tract compared to bright red blood in stool (hematochezia) which often signifies bleeding in the lower GI tract. Digestive enzymes break down the red blood cells, giving the stool its characteristic black, tarry appearance. Menorrhagia refers to abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding. In some cases, underlying bleeding disorders like von Willebrand disease can cause excessive blood loss during menstruation. Bleeding disorders due to vascular defects hereditary connective tissue defects: The individual has hyperextensible joints and hyperplastic ______. Skin, vasculature, and bones of affected individuals lack structural support.

skin Signup and view all the answers