Disk Drive Technology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a principal disadvantage of RAID Level 1?

  • It is costlier due to data duplication. (correct)
  • It requires more data striping than other levels.
  • It does not provide redundancy.
  • It has a high write penalty.

    • What is one positive aspect of RAID Level 1 in terms of data recovery?

  • Data recovery is complex and time-consuming.
  • Data can only be accessed from the failed drive.
  • Data must be rebuilt from backups.
  • Recovery from a failure is straightforward and quick. (correct)

    • Which of the following statements about data striping in RAID Level 1 is correct?

  • Data striping in RAID Level 1 leads to a high write penalty.
  • RAID Level 1 can operate without data striping. (correct)
  • Each logical strip is mapped to multiple disks.
  • Data striping is used with a single drive.

    • How does RAID Level 1 handle read requests?

    <p>Read requests are processed by both disks simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects does NOT describe RAID Level 1?

    <p>Can only achieve high I/O request rates if requests are mostly writes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a fixed-head disk?

    <p>It has one read-write head per track.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes removable disks?

    <p>They can be removed and replaced with another disk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of non-removable disks?

    <p>They are permanently mounted in the disk drive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the functionality of a movable-head disk?

    <p>The arm can be both extended and retracted to access data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage do removable disks provide over fixed disks?

    <p>They can be transferred between different systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of disk is characterized by having magnetizable coating on both sides?

    <p>Double sided disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disk system allows for data to be accessed with a limited number of disk systems?

    <p>Removable disks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is a non-removable disk typically used?

    <p>In the hard drive of a personal computer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is used for the coating of magnetic tape?

    <p>Pure metal particles in special binders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes how data is organized on magnetic tape?

    <p>As a sequence of bits along each track</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of inter-record gaps in magnetic tape?

    <p>They separate blocks of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which LTO tape generation introduced WORM capability?

    <p>LTO-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compressed capacity of LTO-5 tape?

    <p>3.2 TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which LTO generation has the highest linear density?

    <p>LTO-7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is present in LTO-6 tape that was not available in LTO-1?

    <p>Encryption capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which LTO generation has the feature of partitioning?

    <p>LTO-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does RAID stand for?

    <p>Redundant Array of Independent Disks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RAID level offers no redundancy?

    <p>RAID 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used in RAID to ensure data recoverability?

    <p>Parity information storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RAID level requires at least three disks and provides mirroring?

    <p>RAID 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RAID level is known for high data availability due to its use of dual distributed parity?

    <p>RAID 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of I/O data transfer capacity, which RAID level provides the highest capacity?

    <p>RAID 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does RAID 1 ensure fault tolerance?

    <p>By duplicating data across multiple disks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of RAID involves distributing data across drives?

    <p>Striping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RAID configuration can support very high data transfer rates for both large and small I/O requests?

    <p>RAID 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In RAID 5, how are data and parity distributed?

    <p>Identically across all disks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes CD-R from CD-RW?

    <p>CD-R is write-once read-many.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of CD-RW technology?

    <p>The material eventually loses its desirable properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the crystalline state of CD-RW material?

    <p>It has a smooth surface that reflects light well.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process allows a CD-RW to switch between different phase states?

    <p>A beam of laser light changing material properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what primary purpose is CD-R typically used?

    <p>Storing a single copy of a set of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the dye layer in a CD-R function to create a permanent record?

    <p>It changes reflectivity when activated by a laser.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic makes CD-RW different from CD-R in terms of data handling?

    <p>It allows for both writing and rewriting of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using CD-R over CD-RW?

    <p>Permanent storage of large volumes of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Disk Drive Technology

    • Disk drives are secondary storage devices that use rotating platters coated with a magnetizable material
    • Disk drive heads are used to read and write data on the platters
    • Disk drive heads can be fixed or movable, and disks can be removable or nonremovable

    Inductive Write/Magnetoresistive Read Head

    • The head uses an inductive write process to write data on the disk
    • The head uses a magnetoresistive read process to read data from the disk

    Disk Data Layout

    • Disk data is organized in concentric circles called tracks
    • Tracks are further divided into sectors
    • Sectors are the smallest unit of data that can be accessed
    • The number of sectors per track on a disk is a key determiner of disk capacity

    Comparison of Disk Layout Methods

    • Contiguous allocation: Data is allocated to adjacent sectors, which can speed up access time
    • Linked allocation: Data is scattered across the disk, with pointers linking the different sectors
    • Indexed allocation: Data is organized in a table that maps logical addresses to physical addresses, which can improve performance

    Legacy and Advanced Sector Formats

    • Legacy sector formats are used in older disk drives and have a fixed sector size
    • Advanced sector formats are used in newer disk drives and have a variable sector size

    RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)

    • RAID is a technology that uses multiple disk drives to improve performance and reliability
    • RAID uses data striping to distribute data across multiple disk drives
    • RAID uses parity information to recover data in the event of a disk failure
    • There are seven levels of RAID, each with different capabilities.

    RAID Level 0 (Striping)

    • Data is striped across multiple disks without redundancy
    • Provides high read/write speeds but offers no data protection

    RAID Level 1 (Mirroring)

    • Data is mirrored across two or more disks
    • All data is duplicated on multiple disks, providing high data availability
    • Provides good performance for read operations, but write operations can be slower

    RAID Level 2 (Redundant via Hamming Code)

    • Data is striped across disks, and parity information is stored using Hamming codes to detect and correct errors
    • Provides high read and write performance and better error correction.
    • Not commonly used in modern systems due to the complexity of Hamming codes

    RAID level 3 (Bit-Interleaved Parity)

    • Data is striped across disks at the bit level
    • Parity information is stored on a dedicated disk and striped across disks

    RAID Level 4 (Block-Interleaved Parity)

    • Data is striped across disks at the block level
    • Parity information is stored on single dedicated disk
    • Provides good performance for read operations

    RAID Level 5 (Block-Interleaved Distributed Parity)

    • Data is striped across disks at the block level
    • Parity information is distributed evenly across all disks in the array
    • Provides better write performance than RAID 4

    RAID Level 6 (Dual Distributed Parity)

    • Data is striped across disks at the block level
    • Two parity blocks are distributed evenly across all disks in the array
    • Offers higher data availability than RAID 5

    Disk Drive Characteristics

    Fixed-Head Disks

    • Each track has a dedicated read/write head
    • Heads are fixed on a rigid arm that extends over all tracks
    • Good for applications requiring high performance, but offers limited storage capacity

    Movable-Head Disks

    • One read/write head is used for all tracks
    • The head is attached to an arm that can be extended or retracted to access different tracks
    • More common than fixed-head drives, offering a balance between performance and capacity

    Double-Sided Disk

    • Both sides of the platter store data

    Removable Disk

    • Disks can be removed from the drive
    • Offers flexibility and allows users to store more data

    Non-Removable Disk

    • Disks are permanently installed within the drive
    • Usually used with high capacity drives.

    CD Recordable (CD-R)

    • Write once, read many
    • Good for storing data that needs to be archived

    CD Rewritable (CD-R)

    • Can be repeatedly written and overwritten

    DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disk – Read Only Memory )

    • Offers higher storage capacity than CD-ROM
    • Can store movies, games, and other multimedia applications

    Magnetic Tape

    • Tape systems use magnetic tape to store data
    • Data is stored as a sequence of bits along each track
    • Blocks of data are separated by gaps called inter-record gaps

    LTO (Linear Tape Open)

    • An open standard for tape drives
    • Offers a high capacity and high data transfer rates
    • A variety of LTO generations exist with increasing storage capacity and transfer rates
    • Used for data backup and archival.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on disk drive technology, including the mechanisms of data writing and reading. Explore concepts such as disk layout, allocation methods, and the components involved in disk operation. This quiz will challenge your understanding of how disk drives function and their data organization.

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