Podcast
Questions and Answers
______ is content that is intentionally false and designed to cause harm.
______ is content that is intentionally false and designed to cause harm.
Disinformation
When disinformation is shared it often turns into ______.
When disinformation is shared it often turns into ______.
misinformation
______ describes genuine information that is shared with an intent to cause harm.
______ describes genuine information that is shared with an intent to cause harm.
Malinformation
One way to combat disinformation is to S.I.F.T., where the I stands for ______ the source.
One way to combat disinformation is to S.I.F.T., where the I stands for ______ the source.
The sharing of misinformation is driven by socio- psychological ______.
The sharing of misinformation is driven by socio- psychological ______.
A type of content that has no intention to cause harm but has potential to fool is ______.
A type of content that has no intention to cause harm but has potential to fool is ______.
In the context of information disorder, the term ______ is used when genuine accounts are impersonated to spread false information.
In the context of information disorder, the term ______ is used when genuine accounts are impersonated to spread false information.
A situation where genuine content is re-shared alongside false contextual information is categorized as ______.
A situation where genuine content is re-shared alongside false contextual information is categorized as ______.
The manipulation of genuine information or imagery with the intent to deceive falls under the category of ______.
The manipulation of genuine information or imagery with the intent to deceive falls under the category of ______.
______ refers to content that is entirely and deliberately false and created to cause harm or deceive.
______ refers to content that is entirely and deliberately false and created to cause harm or deceive.
When referring to content, if headlines, visuals or captions don't support the content, this is a ______.
When referring to content, if headlines, visuals or captions don't support the content, this is a ______.
______ use of information aims to frame an issue or individual in a misleading way.
______ use of information aims to frame an issue or individual in a misleading way.
In order to address structural vulnerabilities in deliberative systems, policies should go beyond targeting the architects of ______.
In order to address structural vulnerabilities in deliberative systems, policies should go beyond targeting the architects of ______.
One key vulnerability in social media platforms is inauthenticity, which undermines a polity's capacity to engage in communication characterized by facts and ______.
One key vulnerability in social media platforms is inauthenticity, which undermines a polity's capacity to engage in communication characterized by facts and ______.
One key vulnerability in social media platforms is inauthenticity, which undermines a polity's capacity to engage in communication characterized by moral ______.
One key vulnerability in social media platforms is inauthenticity, which undermines a polity's capacity to engage in communication characterized by moral ______.
One key vulnerability in social media platforms is inauthenticity, which undermines a polity's capacity to engage in communication characterized by democratic ______.
One key vulnerability in social media platforms is inauthenticity, which undermines a polity's capacity to engage in communication characterized by democratic ______.
A group of Canadians are less trusting of mainstream news, more likely to trust social media, and less likely to fact check, and as a result have a high degree of belief in ______.
A group of Canadians are less trusting of mainstream news, more likely to trust social media, and less likely to fact check, and as a result have a high degree of belief in ______.
Surveys show that Canadians' trust in social media platforms to act in the best interest of the public continues to ______.
Surveys show that Canadians' trust in social media platforms to act in the best interest of the public continues to ______.
A survey shows that most Canadians believe the government should require online platforms to act ______ and reduce the amount of harmful content on their platforms..
A survey shows that most Canadians believe the government should require online platforms to act ______ and reduce the amount of harmful content on their platforms..
A survey shows that most Canadians support requirements for platforms to quickly remove reported illegal content, block automated accounts, and label information verified as ______.
A survey shows that most Canadians support requirements for platforms to quickly remove reported illegal content, block automated accounts, and label information verified as ______.
A survey shows that most Canadians support requirements for platforms to provide tools for users to fact check or search for the ______ of online content.
A survey shows that most Canadians support requirements for platforms to provide tools for users to fact check or search for the ______ of online content.
The anti-deliberative tactics employed by Russian agents included corrosive ______, moral denigration, and unjustified inclusion.
The anti-deliberative tactics employed by Russian agents included corrosive ______, moral denigration, and unjustified inclusion.
______ campaigns mounted by Russian agents around the United States' 2016 election illustrate the use of anti-deliberative tactics.
______ campaigns mounted by Russian agents around the United States' 2016 election illustrate the use of anti-deliberative tactics.
The tactics used by Russian agents might contribute to the system-level anti-deliberative properties of epistemic ______.
The tactics used by Russian agents might contribute to the system-level anti-deliberative properties of epistemic ______.
The tactics used by Russian agents might contribute to the system-level anti-deliberative properties of techno-affective polarization, and pervasive ______.
The tactics used by Russian agents might contribute to the system-level anti-deliberative properties of techno-affective polarization, and pervasive ______.
When analyzing photos showing trees in the wildfire aftermath, some people are questioning why ______ have remained standing after the blaze.
When analyzing photos showing trees in the wildfire aftermath, some people are questioning why ______ have remained standing after the blaze.
The technique used when employing genuine content, but content that is warped and reframed is called weaponization of ______ .
The technique used when employing genuine content, but content that is warped and reframed is called weaponization of ______ .
Often a piece of disinformation is picked up by someone who doesn't realise it's false, and shares it with their ______, believing that they are helping.
Often a piece of disinformation is picked up by someone who doesn't realise it's false, and shares it with their ______, believing that they are helping.
The third category we use is ______. The term describes genuine information that is shared with an intent to cause harm.
The third category we use is ______. The term describes genuine information that is shared with an intent to cause harm.
Flashcards
Disinformation
Disinformation
Content that is intentionally false and designed to cause harm, motivated by financial, political or troublemaking reasons.
Misinformation
Misinformation
False content, unintentionally shared by someone unaware its false or misleading.
Malinformation
Malinformation
Genuine information shared with intent to cause harm.
S.I.F.T.
S.I.F.T.
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Fabricated Content
Fabricated Content
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Manipulated Content
Manipulated Content
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Imposter Content
Imposter Content
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False Context
False Context
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Misleading Content
Misleading Content
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False Connection
False Connection
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Satire or Parody
Satire or Parody
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Foreign interference
Foreign interference
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Anti-Deliberative Tactics
Anti-Deliberative Tactics
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Study Notes
- Disinformation and Democracy, presentation by Chris Russill on Feb 7, 2025
Today's Plan
- Some questions will be asked
- Events will be highlighted
- A brief history of disinformation will be presented
- Disinformation in the current information environment will be analyzed
- It will be questioned if disinformation is a threat to democracy?
Questions
- Have you ever been exposed to disinformation or misinformation?
- How do you recognize it?
- What do you do when you encounter it?
SIFT Method
- SIFT is an approach to assess the validity and reliability of information encountered online
- Stop: Take a moment to pause and evaluate the source and your reaction
- Investigate the source: Determine credibility and potential biases
- Find better coverage: Look for reporting from multiple reliable sources
- Trace claims, quotes, and media to the original context: Ensure accuracy and proper attribution
Disinformation, Misinformation and Malinformation
- Disinformation is intentionally false content designed to cause harm, motivated by financial, political, or troublemaking reasons
- When disinformation is shared, it becomes misinformation, in which the person sharing is unaware of it being false or misleading
- Sharing misinformation is driven by socio-psychological factors of wanting to feel connected
- Malinformation is sharing true information with the intent to cause harm
- Weaponization of context is being seen
- Genuine content is used but is distorted and reframed
Types of Mis- and Disinformation (Low to High Harm)
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Satire or Parody: Aims to humor, but may unintentionally deceive
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False Connection: Misleading links between headlines, visuals, and content
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Misleading Content: Skews information to promote a particular view
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False Context: Shares genuine content with misleading contextual information
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Imposter Content: Involves impersonating genuine sources
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Manipulated Content: Distorts genuine information or imagery to deceive
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Fabricated Content: Designed to deceive and cause harm
Disinformation Story
- Exploring the origins of disinformation
- Understanding how it works and its modern manifestations
- Determining effective countermeasures
Online Harms
- 40% of Canadians are exposed to online hate speech monthly
- Marginalized communities face higher exposures to online hate
- 33% of Canadians encounter violent content, fraud, and false information monthly
- Canadians' trust in social media is declining
- 66% of Canadians support government intervention to regulate social media and reduce harmful content
- 72% of Canadians believe that harmful content on social media has increased over the past few years
- 10% of Canadians reported being targets of online hate speech
- 8% feared for their safety because of online harassment
- Approximately 15% of Canadians show a high degree of belief in misinformation
- Canadians trust in social media is low
- 80% of Canadians support platforms removing illegal content, blocking bots, labeling false information, and offering users tools to check facts
Is Disinformation a Threat to Democracy?
- Online disinformation threatens democracy
- Disinformation is more prevalent and harmful because social media has disrupted communication systems
- Disinformation campaigns used anti-deliberative tactics like falsehoods, denigration, and unjustified inclusion in Russian interference during the 2016 United States Election
- Results in epistemic cynicism, affective polarization and inauthenticity
- Harms the ability to use facts, logic, moral respect, and inclusion, needed for communication
- Clarifying which democratic goods are at risk from disinformation helps to identify relevant policies
Foreign Interference
- Russian interference, 2016-2024 (IRA to Tenet Media)
- The Case of MP Michael Chong
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