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Questions and Answers
What are the two essential steps involved in the disinfection of dental units and environmental surfaces?
What is an essential property of an ideal disinfectant?
What type of disinfection inactivates vegetative bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses but not necessarily high numbers of bacterial spores?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a low-level hospital disinfectant?
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What is the purpose of the initial step in the disinfection process?
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What type of disinfection inactivates vegetative bacteria, the majority of fungi, mycobacteria, and the majority of viruses?
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What is a characteristic of a low-level disinfectant?
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What is an important consideration when selecting a disinfectant?
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What is the primary purpose of sterilization in dental instruments?
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Which of the following is NOT a physical agent used in sterilization?
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What is the primary reason for classifying dental instruments as critical, semi-critical, and non-critical?
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Which of the following is an example of a semi-critical instrument?
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What is the purpose of the presoaking stage in instrument sterilization?
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Which of the following is a chemical agent used in sterilization?
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What is the primary objective of infection control in dental care?
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What is the correct sequence of stages in instrument sterilization?
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Which of the following is NOT an objective of infection control?
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What is the primary purpose of rinsing under running tap water for incoming items?
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What should be done with outgoing items after disinfection?
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Which of the following is a mode of disease transmission?
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What is the purpose of labeling the plastic bag with disinfection information?
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What is the purpose of using Gigasept, which contains succindialdehyde and dimethoxytetrahydrofuran?
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Why is it important to clean and disinfect incoming items?
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According to the CDC guidelines, what is the primary goal of infection control in healthcare settings?
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What is the primary purpose of wearing personal protective equipment during the post-treatment period?
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Why is it important to remove all disposable barriers after treatment?
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What is the primary objective of infection control in dental care?
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Why is it important to clean and disinfect all items not protected by barriers?
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What is the purpose of wearing utility gloves during the clean-up process?
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Why is it important to wash your hands after removing contaminated gloves?
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What is the primary benefit of using a rubber dam during dental procedures?
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Why is it important to avoid touching unprotected switches, handles, and equipment once gloves have been contaminated?
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What is the primary advantage of steam pressure sterilization?
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What is the major disadvantage of chemical vapor pressure sterilization?
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What is the recommended temperature for dry heat sterilization?
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What is the purpose of using an external temperature gauge in dry heat sterilization?
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What is the primary advantage of ethylene oxide sterilization?
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What is a common problem with dry heat sterilization?
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What is the primary difference between steam pressure sterilization and chemical vapor pressure sterilization?
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What is the recommended pressure for steam pressure sterilization?
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Study Notes
Disinfection of Dental Unit and Environmental Surfaces
- Disinfection is a two-step procedure: vigorous scrubbing and wiping clean, followed by wetting the surface with a disinfectant and leaving it wet for the prescribed time.
- Ideal disinfectant properties: broad spectrum of activity, rapid action, non-corrosive, environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and non-staining.
Levels of Disinfection
- High-level disinfection: inactivates vegetative bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses, but not bacterial spores.
- Intermediate-level disinfection: inactivates vegetative bacteria, most fungi, mycobacteria, and most viruses (including enveloped viruses), but not bacterial spores.
- Low-level disinfectant: a liquid chemical germicide that inactivates some viruses and bacteria.
Sterilization and Disinfection of Dental Instruments
- Classification of dental instruments based on risk of transmission and need for sterilization:
- Critical instruments: penetrate mucous membranes or come into contact with bone, bloodstream, or other normally sterile tissues.
- Semi-critical instruments: come into contact with mucous membranes but do not penetrate.
- Non-critical instruments: come into contact with intact skin.
- Critical instruments require heat sterilization or use of single-use, disposable devices.
- Semi-critical instruments require heat sterilization or high-level disinfection.
- Non-critical instruments require cleaning and disinfection using a low- to intermediate-level disinfectant.
Stages of Instrument Sterilization
- Pre-soaking
- Cleaning
- Corrosion control and lubrication
- Packaging
- Sterilization
- Handling sterile instruments
- Storage
- Distribution
Agents Used in Sterilization
- Physical agents: sunlight, drying, dry heat (flaming, incineration, hot air), moist heat (pasteurization, boiling, steam under pressure), filtration, radiation, and ultrasonic and sonic vibrations.
- Chemical agents: alcohols, aldehydes, dyes, halogens, and gigasept.
Laboratory Infection Control
- Coordination is necessary between the dental office and laboratory.
- Proper methods and materials must be used for handling and decontaminating soiled incoming items.
- All contaminated incoming items should be cleaned and disinfected before being handled by laboratory personnel and before being returned to the patient.
Sterilization Methods
- Steam pressure sterilization (autoclave)
- Chemical vapor pressure sterilization (chemiclave)
- Dry heat sterilization (dryclave)
- Ethylene oxide sterilization (ETO)
Autoclave Sterilization
- Sterilization with steam under pressure at 121°C for 15 minutes.
- Advantages: rapid and effective, suitable for sterilizing cloth surgical packs and towel packs.
- Disadvantages: items sensitive to heat cannot be sterilized, and it corrodes carbon steel burs and instruments.
Chemiclave Sterilization
- Sterilization with chemical vapor under pressure at 131°C and 20 lbs of pressure for half an hour.
- Advantages: suitable for sterilizing carbon steel and other carbon-sensitive burs, instruments, and pliers.
- Disadvantages: items sensitive to elevated temperatures will be damaged, and instruments must be lightly packed.
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Description
Learn about the two-step disinfection procedure, including scrubbing and applying disinfectant, and the ideal properties of a disinfectant.
