Disinfection of Dental Unit and Environmental Surfaces
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Questions and Answers

What are the two essential steps involved in the disinfection of dental units and environmental surfaces?

  • Scrubbing and sterilizing
  • Vigorous scrubbing and wetting with a disinfectant (correct)
  • Wiping clean and drying the surface
  • Fumigating and radiating the surface

    • What is an essential property of an ideal disinfectant?

  • Toxicity to all microorganisms
  • Flammability
  • Non-corrosive and non-toxic (correct)
  • Rapid evaporation

    • What type of disinfection inactivates vegetative bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses but not necessarily high numbers of bacterial spores?

  • Intermediate-level disinfection
  • High-level disinfection (correct)
  • Sterilization
  • Low-level disinfection

    • Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a low-level hospital disinfectant?

    <p>Effectiveness against bacterial spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the initial step in the disinfection process?

    <p>To remove debris and wipe clean the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disinfection inactivates vegetative bacteria, the majority of fungi, mycobacteria, and the majority of viruses?

    <p>Intermediate-level disinfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a low-level disinfectant?

    <p>Is a liquid chemical germicide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when selecting a disinfectant?

    <p>Broad spectrum of activity and environmental friendliness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of sterilization in dental instruments?

    <p>To prevent the transmission of diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a physical agent used in sterilization?

    <p>Boiling water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for classifying dental instruments as critical, semi-critical, and non-critical?

    <p>To determine the risk of transmission of diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a semi-critical instrument?

    <p>Dental mouth mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the presoaking stage in instrument sterilization?

    <p>To remove debris and tissue residue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chemical agent used in sterilization?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of infection control in dental care?

    <p>To prevent the spread of diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of stages in instrument sterilization?

    <p>Presoaking, cleaning, packaging, sterilization, storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an objective of infection control?

    <p>Promoting cross-contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of rinsing under running tap water for incoming items?

    <p>To remove blood and saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with outgoing items after disinfection?

    <p>Rinse and package them with diluted mouthwash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mode of disease transmission?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of labeling the plastic bag with disinfection information?

    <p>To provide disinfection information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using Gigasept, which contains succindialdehyde and dimethoxytetrahydrofuran?

    <p>To disinfect plastic and rubber materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to clean and disinfect incoming items?

    <p>To prevent the spread of diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the CDC guidelines, what is the primary goal of infection control in healthcare settings?

    <p>To reduce the transmission of diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of wearing personal protective equipment during the post-treatment period?

    <p>To prevent cross-contamination of surfaces and equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to remove all disposable barriers after treatment?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infection through contaminated barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of infection control in dental care?

    <p>To reduce the risk of transmission of infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to clean and disinfect all items not protected by barriers?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infection through contaminated surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of wearing utility gloves during the clean-up process?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infection through contaminated hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to wash your hands after removing contaminated gloves?

    <p>To reduce the risk of transmission of infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using a rubber dam during dental procedures?

    <p>To reduce the risk of transmission of infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to avoid touching unprotected switches, handles, and equipment once gloves have been contaminated?

    <p>To reduce the risk of transmission of infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of steam pressure sterilization?

    <p>Rapid and effective sterilization of cloth surgical packs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major disadvantage of chemical vapor pressure sterilization?

    <p>Items sensitive to elevated temperature will be damaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended temperature for dry heat sterilization?

    <p>Above 160°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using an external temperature gauge in dry heat sterilization?

    <p>To improve the accuracy of the sterilization cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of ethylene oxide sterilization?

    <p>It is a low-temperature sterilization method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common problem with dry heat sterilization?

    <p>It is prone to sterilization failures without proper calibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between steam pressure sterilization and chemical vapor pressure sterilization?

    <p>The suitability for sterilizing carbon steel instruments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended pressure for steam pressure sterilization?

    <p>15 lbs of pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Disinfection of Dental Unit and Environmental Surfaces

    • Disinfection is a two-step procedure: vigorous scrubbing and wiping clean, followed by wetting the surface with a disinfectant and leaving it wet for the prescribed time.
    • Ideal disinfectant properties: broad spectrum of activity, rapid action, non-corrosive, environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and non-staining.

    Levels of Disinfection

    • High-level disinfection: inactivates vegetative bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses, but not bacterial spores.
    • Intermediate-level disinfection: inactivates vegetative bacteria, most fungi, mycobacteria, and most viruses (including enveloped viruses), but not bacterial spores.
    • Low-level disinfectant: a liquid chemical germicide that inactivates some viruses and bacteria.

    Sterilization and Disinfection of Dental Instruments

    • Classification of dental instruments based on risk of transmission and need for sterilization:
      • Critical instruments: penetrate mucous membranes or come into contact with bone, bloodstream, or other normally sterile tissues.
      • Semi-critical instruments: come into contact with mucous membranes but do not penetrate.
      • Non-critical instruments: come into contact with intact skin.
    • Critical instruments require heat sterilization or use of single-use, disposable devices.
    • Semi-critical instruments require heat sterilization or high-level disinfection.
    • Non-critical instruments require cleaning and disinfection using a low- to intermediate-level disinfectant.

    Stages of Instrument Sterilization

    • Pre-soaking
    • Cleaning
    • Corrosion control and lubrication
    • Packaging
    • Sterilization
    • Handling sterile instruments
    • Storage
    • Distribution

    Agents Used in Sterilization

    • Physical agents: sunlight, drying, dry heat (flaming, incineration, hot air), moist heat (pasteurization, boiling, steam under pressure), filtration, radiation, and ultrasonic and sonic vibrations.
    • Chemical agents: alcohols, aldehydes, dyes, halogens, and gigasept.

    Laboratory Infection Control

    • Coordination is necessary between the dental office and laboratory.
    • Proper methods and materials must be used for handling and decontaminating soiled incoming items.
    • All contaminated incoming items should be cleaned and disinfected before being handled by laboratory personnel and before being returned to the patient.

    Sterilization Methods

    • Steam pressure sterilization (autoclave)
    • Chemical vapor pressure sterilization (chemiclave)
    • Dry heat sterilization (dryclave)
    • Ethylene oxide sterilization (ETO)

    Autoclave Sterilization

    • Sterilization with steam under pressure at 121°C for 15 minutes.
    • Advantages: rapid and effective, suitable for sterilizing cloth surgical packs and towel packs.
    • Disadvantages: items sensitive to heat cannot be sterilized, and it corrodes carbon steel burs and instruments.

    Chemiclave Sterilization

    • Sterilization with chemical vapor under pressure at 131°C and 20 lbs of pressure for half an hour.
    • Advantages: suitable for sterilizing carbon steel and other carbon-sensitive burs, instruments, and pliers.
    • Disadvantages: items sensitive to elevated temperatures will be damaged, and instruments must be lightly packed.

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    infection control in dentistry pracman.pptx

    Description

    Learn about the two-step disinfection procedure, including scrubbing and applying disinfectant, and the ideal properties of a disinfectant.

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