Disease Transmission and Zoonosis Quiz

<p>Droplets spread through the air (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Handling contaminated animal hide products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct contact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water supplies in cooling towers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lyme's disease and Malaria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variations in pH, temperature, and oxygen levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Successful colonization within the host (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capacity of an organism to initiate an infectious disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attachment proteins and specialized surface structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins or molecules produced by an organism essential for its pathogenicity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enabling bacteria to stick to host cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To aid in adhesion to host tissues/cells and evasion of host immunity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adhesion to host cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transferring DNA, like antibiotic resistance plasmids, between bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To invade tissues and/or evade the host's innate and adaptive immune response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The natural site of a pathogen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They mediate attachment to surfaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans are incidental hosts in animal reservoirs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invasion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to breach host defenses in the first place. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To directly inject toxic proteins into host cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A toxin produced by some Staphylococcus aureus strains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Siderophores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesizing non-protein toxins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contribute to pathogenicity and virulence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insects, mammals, and fish (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Via direct injection upon contact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promote adhesion to surfaces and protect against harmful substances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By shielding bacteria from immune detection and antimicrobial agents. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form a complex structure that allows for nutrient flow and waste removal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serine disrupts host immune cell function by limiting energy availability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Induction of fever and inflammation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They directly activate T-cells, leading to an excessive release of cytokines. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mixed-species biofilm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism that causes disease to its host.

The capacity to initiate an infectious disease.

The capacity to cause disease and its severity.

The ability to transmit between hosts.

Proteins or molecules essential for pathogenicity.

Survival, transmission, adherence, invasion, tissue damage.

Humans that carry pathogens, can transmit without symptoms.

Sources of pathogens that primarily infect animals; humans are incidental hosts.

Organisms like ticks, mosquitoes, and fleas that transmit pathogens.

The ability of pathogens to survive in various environmental conditions.

The process by which pathogens attach to host cells or tissues.

Proteins that facilitate the attachment of pathogens to host cells.

Short protein fibers that enable bacteria to stick to surfaces.

Long filaments used primarily for bacterial motility and attachment.

Specialized pili that aid in DNA transfer among bacteria.

Generic surface structures that aid attachment and biofilm formation.

Transmission of diseases from animals to humans.

Natural environments that can harbor infectious agents, e.g., plants, soil, water.

Bacteria found in contaminated water causing Cholera outbreaks.

Transfer of microorganisms through direct physical interaction between people.

Microorganisms spread via contact with contaminated objects (fomites).

Microorganisms spread through droplets when someone coughs, sneezes, or talks.

Diseases transmitted through bites from infected animals, such as Rabies.

Diseases from consuming infected animal products like meat or dairy.

A structure made of EPSs that protects bacteria from immune responses.

A complex community of bacteria that adheres to surfaces and can enhance survival.

Substances produced by pathogens that can cause harm to host cells.

A component of the outer membrane of bacteria that triggers inflammation.

Proteins that cause uncontrollable T-cell activation leading to excess cytokines.

A severe immune reaction involving excessive inflammatory cytokine release.

Strategies used by pathogens to fight against host defenses.

A toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus that causes Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS).

A complex used by pathogens to inject toxic proteins into host cells.

A system that delivers multiple toxic proteins directly to host cells.

A process used by some bacterial toxins to create antibiotic and immune-inhibiting substances.

Bacteria with a thick cell wall, important in pathology and toxin secretions.

Bacteria with a thin cell wall and outer membrane, often more virulent.

Mechanisms that bacteria use to deliver toxins directly into host cells.