Disease Transmission and Reservoir
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the method the pathogen uses to leave the body of the host?

  • Horizontal transmission
  • Portal of exit (correct)
  • Chain of transmission
  • Vertical transmission

    • What is an example of vertical transmission in arthropods?

  • Transmission through the colostrum/milk
  • Transmission through direct contact
  • Passage of pathogen from the adult female to eggs through the ovaries (correct)
  • Transmission through the placenta

    • What is the term for the transmission of a pathogen from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy?

  • Perinatal transmission
  • Horizontal transmission
  • Vertical transmission
  • Transplacental transmission (correct)

    • What is an example of a vector-borne disease?

    <p>Rabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transmission of a pathogen during the birth process?

    <p>Perinatal transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transmission of a pathogen through direct contact with an infected animal?

    <p>Direct transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a disease transmitted through contaminated food and water?

    <p>Salmonella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transmission of a pathogen from mother to child during breastfeeding?

    <p>Through the colostrum/milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transmission of a pathogen through the air?

    <p>Droplet transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a disease transmitted through contact with an infected fomite?

    <p>Legionella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between exposure and transmission?

    <p>Exposure refers to the introduction of a pathogen, while transmission refers to the spread of the pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reservoir of disease?

    <p>A habitat or population in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a reservoir?

    <p>The ability to maintain pathogens over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a carrier?

    <p>An individual that is asymptomatic but infected with a pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chain of transmission?

    <p>The process of transmitting a pathogen from one host to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a reservoir and a sick animal?

    <p>A reservoir is not always sick, while a sick animal is not a reservoir.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of understanding the determinants of disease transmission?

    <p>To understand the likelihood of disease transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between a reservoir and a population?

    <p>A reservoir is a habitat or population, while a population is a group of susceptible hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a chain of transmission and a chain of infection?

    <p>A chain of transmission refers to the process of transmission between hosts, while a chain of infection refers to the process of infection within a host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding the modes/routes of disease transmission?

    <p>To understand how diseases are transmitted and prevent outbreaks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of direct transmission?

    <p>Happens through contact or airborne transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission involves an intermediary?

    <p>Indirect transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of direct transmission by contact?

    <p>Microsporum canis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between droplet and airborne transmission?

    <p>Droplet transmission is short-range, while airborne transmission is long-range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of direct transmission by air/water?

    <p>Influenza virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between direct and indirect transmission?

    <p>The presence or absence of an intermediary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of brutal contact?

    <p>Skin contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of airborne transmission?

    <p>It is a form of direct transmission that does not involve an intermediary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of direct transmission by mucous membrane contact?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between direct projection and airborne transmission?

    <p>The size of the aerosols involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an inanimate object that serves to communicate disease?

    <p>Fomite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a vector in the context of disease transmission?

    <p>An arthropod that carries and transmits pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a biological and mechanical vector?

    <p>Biological vectors undergo changes or multiply, while mechanical vectors do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the portal of entry in the context of disease transmission?

    <p>The method the pathogen uses to enter the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a susceptible host in the context of disease transmission?

    <p>A member of a population who is at risk of becoming infected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the method a pathogen uses to exit the body of an infected host?

    <p>Portal of exit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for all the ways a pathogen can be transmitted?

    <p>Chain of transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important to recognize in the chain of transmission?

    <p>All the different ways of transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the characteristics of a reservoir of infection?

    <p>Reservoir characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an object that can be contaminated and transmit disease on a limited scale?

    <p>Fomite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Disease Transmission and Reservoirs

    • A disease reservoir is a habitat or population where an infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies, maintaining pathogens over time.
    • Reservoirs can be animals, soil, or other environments, and they may not always show symptoms of illness.
    • An individual can be an asymptomatic carrier of a disease, and not all sick animals are reservoirs.

    Chain of Transmission

    • The chain of transmission involves the portal of exit, the mode of transmission, and the portal of entry.
    • The portal of exit is the method the pathogen uses to leave the body of the host, such as through saliva, blood, feces, or urine.

    Modes of Transmission

    • Horizontal transmission occurs from one host to another, and can be direct or indirect.
    • Direct transmission occurs through contact, droplets, or airborne routes.
    • Indirect transmission occurs through vehicles, vectors, or fomites.

    Vertical Transmission

    • Vertical transmission occurs from mother to offspring, and can be transplacental, transovarial, or perinatal.
    • Transplacental infection occurs through the placenta, while transovarial transmission occurs through eggs.
    • Perinatal transmission occurs at birth or through colostrum/milk.

    Horizontal Direct Transmission

    • Direct transmission occurs through contact, droplets, or airborne routes.
    • Contact transmission occurs through skin contact, mucous membrane contact, or brutal contact.
    • Droplet transmission occurs through direct projection, such as through sneezing or coughing.
    • Airborne transmission occurs through aerosolized particles.

    Horizontal Indirect Transmission

    • Indirect transmission occurs through vehicles, vectors, or fomites.
    • Vehicles are inanimate objects that can communicate disease, such as water, food, or soil.
    • Vectors are arthropods that carry and transmit pathogens, and can be mechanical or biological.
    • Fomites are objects contaminated with pathogens that can transmit disease.

    Susceptible Host

    • A susceptible host is a member of a population who is at risk of becoming infected by a disease.

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    Related Documents

    Disease Reservoir and Transmission PDF

    Description

    Learn about the terminology used to describe disease transmission, identify a reservoir of disease, and understand the modes of transmission. This quiz covers the chain of transmission and infection, and determinants that increase the likelihood of disease transmission.

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