Disease Prevention Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a personal hygiene practice?

  • Washing your hands after handling pets
  • Cleaning your body every day
  • Covering your mouth when sneezing
  • Taking daily vitamins (correct)

    • What is the primary goal of epidemiology?

  • To study only infectious diseases
  • To understand health and disease in populations (correct)
  • To provide treatments for individuals
  • To eliminate all diseases

    • Which type of epidemiology is concerned with the assessment of data related to time, place, and person?

  • Analytic epidemiology
  • Experimental epidemiology
  • Descriptive epidemiology (correct)
  • Stationary epidemiology

    • Which of the following functions of epidemiology involves the collection and analysis of health-related data?

    <p>Public health surveillance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an individual who carries infectious organisms without showing any obvious signs of disease?

    <p>Carrier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of T4 cells in the immune system?

    <p>To stimulate the production of antibodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a sexually transmitted disease (STD)?

    <p>HIV infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does viral load refer to in the context of HIV?

    <p>The amount of HIV in the circulating blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrush primarily caused by?

    <p>Fungal infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by vertical transmission?

    <p>Transfer of pathogens from mother to child during pregnancy or birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a syndrome?

    <p>A group of symptoms characteristic of a specific condition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How have sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) changed since the 1980s?

    <p>More microorganisms and syndromes are now classified as STDs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between T4 and T8 cells in a healthy immune system?

    <p>T4 cells are twice as common as T8 cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a required characteristic for a confirmatory test for HIV?

    <p>It should be of a different type than the first test. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding epidemiology?

    <p>It deals with the study and control of diseases in populations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does exclusive breast-feeding entail?

    <p>Feeding a baby only breast milk without any other liquids or solids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of antiretroviral drugs?

    <p>To kill or suppress retroviruses like HIV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinction between endemic and epidemic diseases?

    <p>Endemic diseases are localized, whereas epidemics spread rapidly through populations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates a high risk of opportunistic infection in an adult?

    <p>A CD4 count below 200 cells/µL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes HIV-1?

    <p>A retrovirus that converts its RNA into DNA. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART)?

    <p>To halt the progress of HIV disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body fluids are primarily linked to the transmission of HIV?

    <p>Blood, semen, mother's milk, and vaginal secretions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does epidemiologic surveillance involve?

    <p>Collecting and analyzing data related to diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of counseling in the context of HIV testing?

    <p>To help clients examine their HIV transmission risk. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an asymptomatic person with HIV?

    <p>They show no symptoms but can still infect others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of community planning groups in relation to HIV?

    <p>To develop prevention, treatment, and care plans for their communities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of homosexual relations?

    <p>Attraction and sexual relations with the same sex. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a confirmatory test achieve in the context of HIV testing?

    <p>It verifies the accuracy of a previous test result (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to CD4 lymphocytes when a person is infected with HIV?

    <p>They are infected and destroyed by the virus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example is NOT a form of secondary prevention?

    <p>Control of blood sugar in diabetes management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of tertiary prevention?

    <p>Reduce severity and prevent complications of established diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of tertiary prevention?

    <p>Early detection of cervical cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of KAIS 2012?

    <p>It was nationally representative and informed HIV-related policies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many AIDS Indicator Surveys have been conducted in Kenya as of KAIS 2012?

    <p>Two (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose do AIDS Indicator Surveys serve in countries with generalized HIV epidemics?

    <p>To ensure comparability of findings across countries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the focus of KAIS 2012?

    <p>Tracking the national HIV response through epidemiological data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicators is NOT typically monitored by AIDS Indicator Surveys?

    <p>Economic support structures for HIV patients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV?

    <p>To suppress the HIV viral load (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is commonly used for confirming HIV infection after a positive ELISA or EIA test?

    <p>Western blot test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes wasting syndrome in AIDS patients?

    <p>At least 10% weight loss in the presence of diarrhea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the window period refer to in the context of HIV infection?

    <p>The time from infection until antibodies are detectable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In epidemiology, what is the difference between incidence and prevalence?

    <p>Incidence measures new cases over time, while prevalence measures total cases at a certain point (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a pandemic?

    <p>A disease spread over large geographical areas affecting many people (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically a major characteristic of viruses compared to other living organisms?

    <p>They require a host cell to replicate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does voluntary HIV testing typically involve?

    <p>Counseling about HIV prevention and the testing process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Disease Prevention

    • Primary prevention aims to avoid disease entirely
    • Secondary prevention involves screening for early detection/diagnosis
    • Tertiary prevention focuses on slowing or stopping disease and restoring function

    Types of Disease Prevention

    • Three types: primary, secondary and tertiary
    • Primary prevention reduces disease onset (e.g., seatbelts, helmets)
    • Secondary prevention includes tests and recommendations for early disease detection
    • Tertiary prevention involves diagnosing disease and improving quality of life

    Three Levels of Prevention

    • Primary: Prevents disorder development
    • Secondary: Detects and treats disease early
    • Tertiary: Manages existing chronic diseases to prevent complications

    Primary Prevention Examples

    • Legislation/enforcement to control hazardous products (e.g., asbestos)
    • Mandating safe practices (e.g., seatbelts, bike helmets)
    • Education on healthy habits (e.g., diet, exercise, avoiding smoking)
    • Delivering advice/guidance to prevent disease onset/reduce risk

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    Revision Notes On Levels Of Disease Prevention PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of disease prevention, focusing on the three types: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Learn about strategies to avoid disease, early detection, and managing existing conditions to improve quality of life. Test your knowledge on key concepts and examples in disease prevention.

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