Discrimination and Abuse Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is considered financial abuse?

  • Verbally criticizing a person regularly
  • Neglecting an individual's basic needs
  • Stealing someone's money (correct)
  • Threatening someone to control them

What does 'triple jeopardy' refer to in the context of discrimination?

  • Being overlooked due to a lack of representation
  • Experiencing discrimination based on a single characteristic
  • Oppression based on three protected characteristics (correct)
  • Receiving favorable treatment for being part of a minority

Which type of abuse includes poor care within organizations?

  • Emotional abuse
  • Self-neglect
  • Institutional abuse (correct)
  • Financial abuse

What is the definition of overt discrimination?

<p>Intentional and direct behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'discrimination' imply?

<p>Differential treatment based on prejudicial distinctions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of abuse?

<p>Reactive Abuse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does self-neglect typically involve?

<p>Failing to meet one's own care needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of covert discrimination?

<p>Accidentally forgetting to use a preferred name (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of community/non-acute health services?

<p>Aid less urgent health needs, including education (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which setting is specifically designed for palliative, end-of-life care?

<p>Hospice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of care is typically delivered at home?

<p>Domiciliary care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Care Quality Commission?

<p>Conducts legal inspections to ensure compliance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carer is a social worker classified as?

<p>Formal carer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence primarily focused on?

<p>Promoting evidence-based, cost-effective practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do sector-specific organizations typically focus on?

<p>Establishing standards and improving care quality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of care is primarily aimed at supporting individuals with chronic conditions?

<p>Long-term services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does victimisation involve?

<p>Treating someone differently due to a complaint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which article of the HRA 1998 ensures the right to life?

<p>Article 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT included as a protected characteristic under the Equality Act 2010?

<p>Eye Color (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a principle guiding the NHS?

<p>Providing best value for taxpayers' money (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cultural competence in healthcare promote?

<p>Respecting and responding to diverse cultures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stereotyping in care settings typically results in which of the following?

<p>Assumptions about individuals based on group membership (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Mental Health Capacity Act 2005?

<p>To ensure protection of patients' rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the practice of treating someone unfairly based on their characteristics?

<p>Discrimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines 'marginalisation'?

<p>Excluding individuals or groups from society or services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does individual discrimination refer to?

<p>One individual discriminating against another (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major focus of the Beveridge Report 1942?

<p>Addressing poverty-related issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following roles is primarily concerned with mental health?

<p>Psychologist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential effect of discrimination on individuals?

<p>Limited life chances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'harassment by third party' imply?

<p>Offensive behavior towards individuals with protected characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of having a policy in health and social care?

<p>To ensure that all staff follow the same procedures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the risk assessment process?

<p>Determine compliance with health laws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which control measure is essential to prevent the spread of infections?

<p>Wearing PPE and practicing proper hand hygiene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection is primarily treated with antibiotics?

<p>Bacterial infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of kitchen fires?

<p>Carelessness while cooking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of personal protective equipment (PPE) in healthcare?

<p>To protect both patients and healthcare workers from hazards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step should follow after identifying a hazard in a workplace?

<p>Report the hazard appropriately (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do conduction, convection, and radiation relate to fire safety?

<p>They are methods of heat transfer that can spread fire (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of the manager regarding fire safety in a facility?

<p>To implement and maintain fire safety measures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a consequence of poor food hygiene?

<p>Improved food taste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which color chopping board is designated for raw meat?

<p>Red (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of equity in a support system?

<p>To ensure equal opportunities and outcomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key responsibility of a care assistant in health care?

<p>Disinfecting and using PPE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a combination of Alzheimer's and vascular dementia?

<p>Mixed Dementia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential risk of using cleaning chemicals improperly?

<p>Exposure to harmful substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What informs staff about necessary fire safety measures and risks?

<p>Regular fire safety training conducted by management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of vascular dementia?

<p>Clots preventing oxygen flow to the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can lead to misinterpretation in communication?

<p>Capitalization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the humanistic approach by Carl Rogers emphasize during counseling?

<p>Unconditional positive reinforcement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of technology is specifically designed for communication by deaf individuals?

<p>Teletypewriter (tty) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dementia primarily affects individuals aged 40-65 and shows early symptoms related to language?

<p>Frontotemporal Dementia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which barrier is NOT mentioned as an obstacle to effective communication?

<p>Poor internet connectivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is incongruence between a person's self-image and their ideal self?

<p>Self-esteem decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is caused by the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain leading to hallucinations?

<p>Dementia with Lewy Bodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental phase typically begins at the age of 10 and ends at 19?

<p>Adolescence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one negative impact of relying on technology for health and care support?

<p>Confidentiality issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'paralanguage' refer to in communication?

<p>Non-verbal elements like tone and pitch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of inclusion in health care?

<p>Full participation and removal of discrimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) for nurses?

<p>Enhances decision-making (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common disadvantage of working in partnership in healthcare?

<p>Increased disagreements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which entities are involved in ensuring quality standards within healthcare?

<p>Care Quality Commission and Ofsted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Prevent' strategy in the UK focus on preventing?

<p>Terrorism and extremism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility emphasized by the Duty of Care in health and social care?

<p>To ensure safety and well-being of others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a core value in healthcare?

<p>Profitability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances is an Independent Mental Capacity Assessment (IMCA) required?

<p>When determining a person's capacity for decision-making (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PIES in the context of health and social care stand for?

<p>Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Social (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of a person-centered care model?

<p>Individual preferences, needs, and values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'self-determination'?

<p>Control over one’s own choices without outside influence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do Admiral Nurses play in healthcare?

<p>Supporting families and individuals affected by dementia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of fire safety measures?

<p>To ensure legal compliance and avoid penalties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key aspect of the complaints process in healthcare?

<p>Active listening and ensuring follow-up actions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following healthcare models considers all aspects of a person's well-being?

<p>Holistic Care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fire extinguisher is suitable for electrical fires?

<p>COâ‚‚ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key step in the event of a fire?

<p>Evacuate immediately using designated routes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of activities do Cognitive Stimulation interventions involve?

<p>Activities promoting mental engagement and thought processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is restrictive practice appropriate?

<p>Only when preventing harm and ensuring safety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be included in a disclosure report?

<p>Details of the disclosure and actions taken (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Gibbs' Reflective Cycle aim to achieve?

<p>To learn and improve from experiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of unintentional negligence?

<p>Failing to notice a broken piece of equipment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'whistleblowing' refer to?

<p>Disclosing misconduct or illegal activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of fire extinguisher?

<p>Liquid Chemical (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in healthcare?

<p>Using the best research and patient needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions should be taken after a fire drill?

<p>Conduct a headcount and debrief (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered a perpetrator?

<p>A person committing harm or wrongdoing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves evacuating people to a lower floor or outside the building?

<p>Vertical procedure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major concern regarding the fear of retaliation in reporting wrongdoing?

<p>Dissuasion of individuals from coming forward (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Primary Care in the healthcare system?

<p>Essential services for initial diagnosis and prevention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Newcastle Model?

<p>A framework for addressing challenging behaviours in dementia care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of Holistic Practice in healthcare?

<p>Considering the entire individual, including emotional and social well-being (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which piece of legislation ensures the rights of individuals with disabilities in the UK?

<p>Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge faced by Primary Care services in the UK?

<p>Rising patient demand and limited resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of healthcare providers, what role do Psychiatrists serve?

<p>Manage mental health and wellbeing through diagnosis and treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Risk Assessment in transport services?

<p>To identify hazards and ensure safety during transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Palliative Care primarily aims to:

<p>Relieve symptoms and improve quality of life for those with serious illnesses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT a priority of the Department of Health and Social Care?

<p>Generate revenue for private healthcare (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is known for raising awareness and educating the public on healthier lifestyles?

<p>Public Health England (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of care does Tertiary Care refer to?

<p>Advanced medical care provided by specialists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common public health campaign initiative for weight management?

<p>Weight loss app by Better Health, NHS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains Social Stigma?

<p>Believing negative messages or stereotypes about oneself (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the role of Support Workers in healthcare?

<p>Providing personal care and support to individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Discriminatory Abuse

Treating someone unfairly based on their race, gender, disability, or other protected characteristics.

Sexual Abuse

Unwanted sexual acts or contact, including touching, assault, or harassment.

Self-Neglect

Failing to provide essential physical or emotional care for oneself, often due to mental or physical health issues.

Neglect

Failing to provide basic care, such as food, hygiene, or medical attention.

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Radicalisation

Coercing someone to adopt extreme beliefs or ideologies, often through manipulation or intimidation.

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Prejudice

A preconceived opinion or attitude about a particular group or individual, often based on limited or biased information.

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Discrimination

An act of treating someone differently based on their membership in a particular group, usually resulting in unfair disadvantages.

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Stereotyping

A general belief or assumption about all members of a particular group, often based on stereotypes and lacking individual consideration.

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Equality Act 2010

Combined previous equality laws to prevent discrimination in areas like employment, education, and public services.

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Oppression

Structural discrimination that favors some groups over others.

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Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA)

Protecting individuals from oppression by limiting government actions that might infringe on their rights.

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Hate Crimes

Crimes fueled by prejudice against a person due to their race, religion, sexual orientation, or other protected characteristics.

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Slurs and Harassment

Verbal abuse targeting individuals or groups based on their protected characteristics, often using offensive language.

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Marginalisation

Treating someone or a group as less important or excluding them from society, services, or opportunities.

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Limited Life Chances

Discriminated individuals face fewer opportunities, leading to disadvantages in life.

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Disempowerment

Loss of confidence and feeling devalued due to discrimination.

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Disenfranchisement

Deprivation of rights that others receive, such as limited access to services due to discrimination.

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Marginalisation

Exclusion from mainstream society.

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Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006

Protecting vulnerable individuals from harm through background checks, training, and robust procedures.

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Mental Health Capacity Act 2005

Assessment to ensure patients' rights are protected, especially those with mental health challenges.

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Mental Health Act 2007

Provides training for healthcare workers to support individuals with mental health issues.

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Policy

Rules and expectations that must be followed within a healthcare setting.

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Procedure

A step-by-step guide on how to complete specific tasks in a safe and consistent manner.

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Risk Assessment

A systematic evaluation of potential hazards in a workplace, including the possibility of harm and its prevention.

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COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health)

Regulations designed to protect workers from harmful substances by enforcing safe handling, use, and storage.

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Accident

An unexpected event that results in injury or harm, often due to equipment failure, poor conditions, or lack of training.

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Incident

An event that could potentially cause harm or damage but may not result in immediate injury, often related to equipment malfunction or minor incidents.

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Hazard

A potential source of harm or danger in a workplace or environment.

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Risk

The likelihood of harm occurring from a specific hazard, based on factors like frequency, severity, and exposure.

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Infection Prevention

Practices and precautions taken to minimize the risk of infection transmission, including handwashing, PPE use, and disinfection.

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Food Hygiene

The proper handling, preparation, and storage of food to prevent contamination and maintain food safety.

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Gloves

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) worn to prevent contact with bodily fluids or hazardous substances.

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Masks

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) used to prevent the spread of viruses or bacteria, offering protection to both the wearer and others.

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Heat (Fire Triangle)

The ignition source in a fire, providing the necessary heat to start and sustain the combustion process.

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Fuel (Fire Triangle)

Any flammable material that can be consumed by fire.

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Oxygen (Fire Triangle)

The element that is essential for a fire to burn, allowing the combustion reaction to occur.

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Equity

The belief that everyone needs different things to succeed, focusing on equal opportunities and outcomes.

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Inequality

The lack of fair opportunities due to systemic or individual biases, leading to unequal chances.

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Alzheimer's Disease

A form of dementia characterized by memory loss, impaired thinking, and behavioral changes.

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Vascular Dementia

Caused by blood clots blocking oxygen to the brain, leading to cell death and cognitive decline.

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Non-Verbal Communication

A communication style that conveys information without using words, including body language, facial expressions, and gestures.

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Verbal Communication

The use of words to communicate, including spoken and written language.

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Jargon

Specialised vocabulary used by a specific professional or occupational group.

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TTY (Teletypewriter)

A tool that allows people with hearing impairments to communicate through typing or using a keyboard.

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Makaton

A visual communication system using signs, symbols, and speech to support people with learning disabilities.

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Braille

A tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, allowing them to read through touch.

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Paralanguage

A type of communication that includes aspects like tone of voice, volume, and speed of speech, which add meaning beyond the actual words.

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Humanistic Approach

Carl Rogers' approach to counseling that focuses on the individual's self-image, self-esteem, and ideal self, with the aim of promoting self-acceptance and growth.

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Self-image

A person's view of themselves, including their strengths, weaknesses, and values.

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Self-esteem

The level of confidence and respect an individual holds towards themselves.

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Ideal Self

The person you aspire to be, with all your goals and ambitions.

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Zero Covid Strategy

A strategy aimed at eliminating COVID-19 completely through strict measures, often criticized for its potential economic and social consequences.

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Self-Disclosure

The act of revealing personal information about oneself to another person or group.

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Disclosure by Others

When someone shares personal or sensitive information about another person.

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Disclosure Report

A record documenting the details of a disclosure, including date, time, location, involved individuals, and actions taken.

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Internal Reporting

Reporting issues within an organization to management or designated staff.

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External Reporting

Reporting issues to external authorities or regulatory bodies.

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Whistleblowing

Reporting misconduct or illegal activities within an organization, often with legal protections for the reporter.

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Potential Abuse

Signs indicating that abuse may occur in the future, but hasn't happened yet.

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Perpetrator

The person who commits an act of wrongdoing, harm, or abuse.

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People in Positions of Power (Internal)

Individuals who hold positions of authority within an organization, such as managers or executives.

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People in Positions of Power (External)

Individuals who hold positions of authority outside an organization, such as government officials or regulators.

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Gibbs' Reflective Cycle

A model of reflective practice with six stages: Description, Feelings, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion, and Action Plan.

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Negligence in Health and Social Care

A breach of duty in health and social care where a professional fails to provide the expected care, leading to harm or injury.

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Code of Conduct

A set of ethical guidelines that health and social care professionals are required to follow.

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Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

Using the best research, skills, and patient needs to make healthcare decisions.

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National Health Services

Refers to healthcare provided by the government to the entire country, regardless of location.

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Acute Services

Focuses on urgent conditions requiring immediate medical attention. It helps patients during a health crisis, such as a heart attack.

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Long-Term Services

Supports individuals with long-term health conditions that require ongoing management and care, like diabetes.

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Rehabilitation Services

Helps people regain independence after an injury or illness, often involving physical therapy and rehabilitation programs.

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Hospice Services

Provides supportive care and comfort for individuals nearing the end of life, focusing on easing symptoms and improving quality of life.

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Non-Acute Health Services

Covers a wide range of services that aren't immediately urgent, including checkups, dental care, mental health support, and community-based rehabilitation.

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Formal Carers

These are health professionals like nurses, doctors, and social workers who are formally trained and employed to provide care.

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Informal Carers

These are individuals who provide care informally, often out of a sense of duty or love, such as family members, friends, or neighbors.

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Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)

A research method that uses controlled groups to test the effectiveness of a treatment or intervention.

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Partnership in Healthcare

Working collaboratively with individuals, ensuring they are actively involved in decisions about their care.

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National Strategies and Guidelines

National guidelines that provide a framework for consistent, high-quality care across healthcare settings.

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Duty of Care

The responsibility to ensure the safety and well-being of others.

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Supporting Independence

Respecting individuals' rights to live independently and make their own choices.

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Advocate

An individual who supports someone's rights and needs.

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Comments and Complaints

Feedback or dissatisfaction with services. Formal complaints must be made within 12 months in the NHS.

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Incidents, Errors, and Near Misses

Unplanned events that happen during healthcare, which can be harmful or near misses.

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Care and Compassion

A core value in healthcare that emphasizes providing support and showing empathy and kindness.

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Managing Conflict

Conflicts that arise due to unmet needs, such as biological, social, environmental, or psychological needs, that can occur in healthcare settings.

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Privacy

Protecting an individual's private information by using secure systems, curtains, and discreet discussions.

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General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

A set of regulations that govern the processing and use of personal data.

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Person-Centred Care

A care model that focuses on individual preferences, needs, and values.

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Holistic Practice

A way of delivering healthcare that looks at the whole person, not just their illness. It considers their emotions, relationships, and well-being.

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Social Stigma

Individuals facing negative stereotypes, labels, or judgments based on certain traits or groups they belong to. This leads them to believe in these negative messages about themselves.

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Palliative Care

Support is provided to improve quality of life for people with serious illnesses. It focuses on relieving pain and symptoms, offering emotional support, and helping individuals live as comfortably as possible.

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End-of-life Care

Specialized care provided for individuals in the final stages of life. It aims to provide comfort, emotional support, and practical assistance to individuals and their families.

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Primary Care

Healthcare services provided by GPs, pharmacists, nurses, and clinics. It focuses on preventing illness, diagnosing common conditions, and providing initial treatment. It's accessible and usually the first point of contact for healthcare needs.

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Secondary Care

Healthcare services provided by specialists for more complex conditions. It involves treatment beyond what can be offered in primary care, often in hospitals or outpatient clinics.

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Tertiary Care

Highly specialized medical care offered in hospitals or specialized centres. It's usually accessed by referral from primary or secondary care providers.

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What is the NHS?

The UK's national healthcare system providing healthcare services to everyone free at the point of need. It's funded through taxes. It was established in 1948.

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Department of Health and Social Care

The government department responsible for public health and social care in England. It aims to improve health and well-being for everyone and reduce health inequalities.

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Public Health England

A public body focused on promoting and protecting public health in England. It collects data, analyzes health issues, and develops interventions to improve population health.

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Public Health Campaigns

Public health campaigns aim to educate the public on health issues, promote healthy lifestyles, and reduce the impact of diseases. These campaigns often use media to reach a wide audience.

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Private Medical Healthcare

Healthcare services not covered by the NHS and provided by private companies. It offers a range of services, including consultations, procedures, surgeries, and treatments.

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Third Sector Health Care Services

Healthcare services provided by non-profit organizations, such as charities. They provide a range of services, often focusing on specific health issues, communities, or groups.

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Study Notes

Abuse Types

  • Physical Abuse: Intentional injury, hitting, slapping.
  • Emotional/Psychological Abuse: Threats, humiliation, manipulation, criticism.
  • Financial Abuse: Stealing, misusing money or assets.
  • Sexual Abuse: Unwanted sexual acts or contact.
  • Neglect: Failing to provide basic needs (food, hygiene, medical care).
  • Institutional Abuse: Poor care within organizations (care homes, hospitals).
  • Discriminatory Abuse: Treating someone unfairly due to protected characteristics (race, gender, disability).
  • Self-Neglect: Failing to care for oneself (due to mental/physical health).
  • Radicalisation: Forcing extreme beliefs or ideologies.

Diversity and Discrimination

What is Diversity?

  • Two ways people are different: predetermined (e.g., culture) and chosen (e.g., pregnancy).
  • Valuing and respecting differences in people's values, beliefs, cultures, and lifestyles.

Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping

  • Prejudice: Preconceived opinion from environment or experiences (e.g., prejudice against criminals).
  • Discrimination: Treating someone differently based on prejudiced distinctions.
  • Stereotyping: Expectations about an entire group (e.g., gay men must be camp).

Types of Discrimination

  • Direct: Treated worse due to protected characteristics.
  • Labelling: Placing someone in a category based on characteristics.
  • Triple Jeopardy: Oppression based on three protected characteristics.
  • Overt: Direct and intentional discrimination (e.g., beating someone up).
  • Covert: Difficult to identify, not openly displayed (e.g., not using a transgender person's preferred name).
  • Institutional/Structural: Policies disadvantage a particular group.
  • Tokenism: Treating someone favorably to appear equitable.
  • By Association: Treated worse because connected to someone with a protected characteristic.
  • Perception-Based: Treated based on perceived protected characteristic.
  • Harassment by Third Party: Offensive behavior due to a protected characteristic.
  • Media Representation (Past and Present): Impact on discrimination.
  • Individual Discrimination: One person discriminating against another.
  • Victimisation: Treated differently for making a complaint.

Equality Act 2010 Protected Characteristics

  • Race
  • Religion
  • Age
  • Disability
  • Sexual Orientation
  • Sex
  • Gender Reassignment
  • Pregnancy

Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA)

  • Article 2: Right to life.
  • Article 3: Freedom from torture.
  • Article 5: Right to liberty and security (with exceptions).
  • Article 14: Protection from discrimination.

NHS Structure and Principles

  • NHS: National Health Service
  • Primary Care Organisations: Independent NHS service providers.
  • Acute Care: Short-term, severe conditions.
  • Chronic Care: Long-term conditions.
  • Community Trusts: Community-based care.
  • Ambulance Trusts: Emergency and non-emergency transport.
  • Charities and Social Enterprises: Support services to the NHS.
  • Key Principles: Comprehensive, clinical needs, patient-centred, value for money, accountable to the public.

Healthcare Professionals

  • Cardiologist: Heart specialist.
  • GP: General Practitioner.
  • Radiologist: Imaging specialist.
  • Midwife: Pregnancy and birth specialist.
  • Neurologist: Brain and nervous system specialist.
  • Psychologist: Mental health specialist.
  • Psychiatrist: Medical doctor specializing in mental health.
  • Dermatologist: Skin specialist.
  • Surgeon: Surgical specialist.
  • Paramedic: Emergency medical technician.
  • Pathologist: Disease specialist.

Mental Health Legislation

  • Mental Health Capacity Act 2005: Assessment for people with mental health challenges.
  • Mental Health Act 2007: Training for healthcare workers supporting mental health issues.

The Beveridge Report 1942

  • The 5 Giants: Want, ignorance, squalor, disease, idleness.

Equality and Diversity in Care

  • Stereotyping: Assumptions based on group membership.
  • Disability Impact: Lack of self-worth due to unmet needs.
  • Stress and Mental Health: Long-term stress impacting mental health.

Types of Dementia

  • Mixed Dementia: Combination of Alzheimer's, vascular, or both.
  • Alzheimer's Disease: Most common cause, brain cell loss.
  • Vascular Dementia: Second most common cause, circulation problems.
  • Multi-infarct Dementia: Mini-strokes deprive brain cells of oxygen.
  • Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Abnormal proteins affect brain functions.
  • Fronto-Temporal Dementia: Affects frontal and temporal lobes.
  • HIV-Associated Dementia: Symptoms include confusion and muscle weakness.
  • Huntington's Disease: Inherited condition, memory problems, involuntary movements.
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD): Protein form destroys brain cells.

Effective Communication

  • Verbal Communication: Using words, comfort level may vary.
  • Non-Verbal Communication: Body language, eye contact.
  • Verbal Communication Skills: Active listening, projecting voice clearly, appropriate language, open-ended questions.
  • Misinterpretation Factors: Slang, tone, jargon, cognitive impairment, abbreviations.
  • Emerging Technology Consideration: Accessibility, confidentiality, limitations, costs, tailored services.

Gibbs' Reflective Cycle

  • A model for reflective practice.
  • 6 Stages: Description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, action plan.

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

  • Using the best research and patient needs to make healthcare decisions.
  • Includes numbers, surveys, interviews, observations, reviews of multiple studies and controlled tests.

Working in Partnership

  • Advantages: Better care, shared decisions.
  • Disadvantages: Disagreements, time taken.
  • Challenges: Communication difficulty, differing opinions.

Relevant Legislation

  • Equality Act 2010.
  • Human Rights Act 1998.
  • Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006.
  • Mental Capacity Act 2005.
  • Care Act 2014.
  • Disabled Discrimination Act 1995.

Safeguarding

  • Self-Disclosure: Revealing personal information.
  • Disclosure by Others: Sharing personal information by others.
  • Disclosure Reporting: Date, time, details, names involved.
  • Internal Reporting: Reporting within the organisation.
  • External Reporting: Reporting to authorities.
  • Whistleblowing: Reporting misconduct.
  • Potential Abuse: Signs that abuse may occur.
  • Suspected Abuse: Reason to believe abuse has happened.
  • Harm: Physical, emotional, or psychological damage.
  • Restrictive Practice: When necessary to prevent harm.
  • Fear of Retaliation: Concern about negative consequences.
  • Perpetrator: Person who commits wrongdoing.
  • Positions of Power: Internal and external.

Managing Conflict

  • Caused by unmet needs.
  • Concerns both internal and external.

Individuality, Empowerment, and Dignity

  • Tailored, respectful care (personal needs).
  • Control, self-care, dignity, privacy, respect.

Healthcare Models

  • Traditional: Team nursing, primary nursing.
  • Emerging: Patient-centred, collaborative care.

Multidisciplinary Teams

  • Professionals collaborate for holistic, faster care.

Capacity Determination

  • IMCA (Independent Mental Capacity Assessment) when needed.

Person-Centred Approach

  • A care model
  • 4 Key principles: Respect, holistic, choice, partnership.

PIES Assessment

  • Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, and Social assessment

Safe Interventions

  • Actions to support individuals' safety and well-being.

Admiral Nurses

  • Specialist dementia nurses.

Mini-Mental Status Orientation

  • Assesses awareness of time, place, and identity

Models of Care

  • Person-Centred Care: Individual preferences.
  • Holistic Care: Addresses all well-being aspects (physical, emotional, spiritual).
  • Biomedical Model: Diagnosing and treating physical conditions.
  • Social Model: Addressing social factors affecting health.

The Newcastle Model

  • Best practice and research on challenging behavior in dementia care.

District Community Nurses

  • Home-based care focusing on chronic conditions.

Practice Nurses

  • Administering flu jabs, check-ups, and general treatments.

Risk Assessment (Transport)

  • Identifying hazards in transport.
  • Ensuring accessibility, trained drivers, and equipment safety.

Equipment Safety

  • Safe handling and maintenance of equipment

Relevant Legislation (e.g., Disability Discrimination Act 1995)

  • Specific laws relevant to particular issues.

Holistic Practice

  • Considering the whole person, including physical, emotional, social, and psychological well-being.

Social Stigma

  • Negative societal judgments against people using services, leading to perceived barriers.

Palliative Care

  • Providing symptom relief and improving quality of life for serious illnesses.
  • End-of-life care focuses on comfort and support.

Primary Care

  • Essential healthcare services (GPs, nurses, clinics) for prevention and treatment.
  • Benefits: Easy access, reduces specialist need.
  • Challenges: Shortage of professionals, limited resources.

Secondary Care

  • Specialist treatment for complex health issues.

Tertiary Care

  • Specialized advanced medical care.

NHS

  • National Health Service in the UK, history, structure, and associated issues.

Healthcare Service Development

  • Historical context, factors influencing UK healthcare.

Department of Health and Social Care

  • Main objectives and priorities.

Public Health England

  • Activities like data collection, awareness raising, and intervention.

Public Health Campaigns

  • Examples of health campaigns.

Private Medical Healthcare

  • Information on private healthcare.

Third Sector Health Care Services

  • Examples of third sector organizations.

Service Levels

  • Primary, national, regional, and local service levels.

Different Models of Services

  • Acute, long-term, non-acute, hospices, community, and end-of-life care.

How Community/Non-Acute Health Services Support Individuals

  • Information on how community services help.

Health and Social Care Settings

  • Various settings where care is provided.

Types of Carers

  • Formal (professionals) and informal (family/friends) carers.

Sector Specific Organisations

  • Professional bodies overseeing health and care services e.g. CQC, NMC, NICE, HCPC, Social Work England, Early Years Foundation Stage, Sector skills councils
  • Role of sector-specific bodies.

Covid Mishandling

  • Description of the perceived mishandling of the situation.

Harvey Weinstein Sexual Misconduct Allegations

  • Overview.

Emotional Exploitation

  • Exploiting others for emotional gain.

Unintentional Negligence

  • Failing to act due to oversight.

Inadequate Supervision

  • Failure to oversee people/situations, leading to harm.

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Test your knowledge on various forms of discrimination and abuse. This quiz covers definitions, types of abuse, and the implications of discriminatory practices. It's designed to enhance your understanding of the complexities in social issues.

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