Discovery of X-Ray

Study Notes

In 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-rays while experimenting with a Crookes tube at Wuerburg University, Germany.
A Crookes tube is a low-vacuum glass tube that emits cathode rays when energized; it became a precursor to modern fluorescent lamps and X-ray tubes.
During his experiments, Roentgen noticed a faint glow from barium platinocyanide-coated paper several feet away from the energized tube, indicating the emission of a new type of energy.
By placing his hand between the energized tube and the fluorescent paper, Roentgen observed images of his hand's bones appearing on the coated paper.
He produced the first radiograph by capturing a 15-minute exposure of his wife Anna Bertha's hand, marking a significant milestone in medical imaging.
Different materials were tested between the tube and the paper; some, like wood, allowed X-rays to pass through, while others, like platinum, blocked them.
Roentgen published his findings in a report titled "On a New Kind of Rays" on December 28, 1895, which gained rapid recognition, especially in the medical field.
An English translation of his article appeared in the journal Nature on January 23, 1896, leading to early clinical applications by February 1896.
Roentgen was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901 for his groundbreaking contributions to radiology and science.

The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum encompasses a range of EM radiation types.
EM radiation is defined as energy radiating outward, with examples including visible light and radio waves.
The spectrum includes various forms of radiation: microwaves, infrared light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays, each distinguished by wavelength and energy.