Discovering the Depths

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What is the deepest part of the ocean near?

A transform plate boundary

A divergent plate boundary

A convergent plate boundary (correct)

An inactive plate boundary

What causes the creation of volcanoes near a subducting plate?

The cooling of magma

Unknown reasons

The melting of the subducting plate (correct)

The friction between the plates

What is a rift valley?

A valley created by the collision of two tectonic plates

A valley created by mantle material filling in the gap between two continents

A valley created by the erosion of a mountain range

A valley created by the pulling apart of continents without mantle material filling in the gap (correct)

What did Wegner's book 'The Origin of Oceans' suggest?

The continents formed oceans by moving apart Signup and view all the answers

What is the current theory about the formation of oceans?

The continents formed oceans by moving apart Signup and view all the answers

What is being destroyed as new ocean floor is created?

The ocean floor Signup and view all the answers

Which ocean is getting bigger as a result of the movement of tectonic plates?

Atlantic Ocean Signup and view all the answers

What is the mid-atlantic ridge?

A mountain range in the middle of the ocean Signup and view all the answers

What is the evidence for plate tectonics?

The mapping of the sea floor Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome of the movement of tectonic plates in the future?

The formation of a new supercontinent Signup and view all the answers

Which type of smokers are created by hot water shooting out of the earth's surface?

Black smokers Signup and view all the answers

What is the base of the food chain for the unique community of organisms that survive on the hot water shooting out of the earth's surface?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the way the organisms in the community that survives on the hot water shooting out of the earth's surface get their energy?

They get their energy from the hot water, not the sun Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the difference in the drawings of Pangaea?

The snapshot of the time when the picture was created Signup and view all the answers

What is the age difference between the Appalachian and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges?

The Appalachian range is older Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal reason for the difference in the height of the Appalachian and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges?

The age of the ranges Signup and view all the answers

What was the mistake made by Wegener in his drawing of Pangaea?

He attached India to Asia Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the video that talks about the origin of the Appalachians and the Sierras?

The Tectonic Evolution of North America Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the volcano in the Andes mountains where scientists are studying the lava lake?

Not mentioned in the text Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature of the water that gets in contact with the lava at the mid-ocean ridges?

800 degrees Celsius Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that is created when magma becomes lava on the seafloor?

Pillow Basalts Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the boundary where oceanic and continental lithosphere meet and create subduction?

Convergent boundary Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of the oldest seafloor in the figure shown in the text?

As old as the seafloor on the opposite side Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the mountain range to the east of the Cascades that is a remnant of the past?

Sierra Nevadas Signup and view all the answers

What was the key evidence that led to the development of the theory of plate tectonics?

Seafloor sediments Signup and view all the answers

Along the diverging plate boundary, what are the little slips that occur called?

Transform faults Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the long linear lines along the mid-atlantic ridge?

The plates rotate in other directions too Signup and view all the answers

Why are the transform faults named so?

Because they slide sideways Signup and view all the answers

What is the configuration of the North American plate and the Pacific plate currently?

The plates are sliding past each other Signup and view all the answers

Which direction is the Pacific Plate moving in relation to North America?

Westward Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of the oldest seafloor in the Atlantic Ocean?

200 million years old Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about a vector?

It has two components: magnitude and direction Signup and view all the answers

What is a divergent plate boundary?

A boundary where two plates move away from each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind plate tectonics?

Convection Signup and view all the answers

What makes Iceland unique among other islands located on top of the mid-Atlantic ridge?

It is the only island with both a divergent plate boundary and a hot spot Signup and view all the answers

What did Alfred Wegener invent?

The idea of Pangaea Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a mid-ocean ridge and a hot spot?

A mid-ocean ridge is a single point while a hot spot is a long line Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'Ring of Fire'?

A circle of volcanoes and earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'right lateral strike slip fault'?

A fault where the rocks move horizontally past each other Signup and view all the answers

What is 'subduction' in the context of plate tectonics?

The process of one tectonic plate sliding under another Signup and view all the answers

What is 'slab pull'?

The force that pulls a tectonic plate down into the mantle Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plate boundary is the San Andreas fault an example of?

Transform Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the trench created in front of the island arc formed by oceanic-oceanic convergence?

Marianas Trench Signup and view all the answers

What is the modern-day example of continental-continental convergence?

Himalayan Mountains Signup and view all the answers

What is an accreted terrain?

A terrain that gets scraped off and added onto a continent Signup and view all the answers

What is the fastest plate motion on the planet, and how much does it move per year?

The Pacific plate, 10-15 centimeters per year Signup and view all the answers

What is the piece of crust that includes Los Angeles basin, and which direction is it moving in?

The North American plate, moving southward Signup and view all the answers

What influences how fast a plate moves, and why is the Pacific plate moving faster than others?

Both the convection and the subduction, and because it is bigger and more active Signup and view all the answers

What causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions along the Pacific Ocean, and why are these regions prone to them?

The subduction of the Pacific plate, and because it is the most active Signup and view all the answers