Discover the World of Genetics
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Questions and Answers

What are restriction enzymes and what is their use in DNA experiments?

  • They are enzymes that break down DNA and can be used for DNA extraction
  • They are enzymes that cut foreign DNA at specific regions and can be used for gel electrophoresis and advanced DNA manipulation (correct)
  • They are enzymes that produce DNA and are used to create vectors
  • They are enzymes that recognize specific DNA sequences and can be used for DNA sequencing

    • What are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)?

  • Point mutations that occur in at least 1% of the population (correct)
  • Small deletions and insertions
  • Mutations caused by exposure to radiation
  • Large-scale changes in the chromosome

    • What is the function of online resources in DNA experiments involving restriction enzymes?

  • To identify mutations in the chromosome
  • To analyze various restriction enzyme cutting sites and generate a restriction map of an input DNA sequence (correct)
  • To create transgenic constructs from restriction enzymes
  • To produce restriction enzymes for DNA manipulation

    • What are the different types of mutations that can occur in DNA?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common type of mutation that occurs in at least 1% of the population?

    <p>Point mutations that occur in at least 1% of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of SIFT in predicting the effect of SNPs on protein function?

    <p>It predicts whether an amino acid substitution affects protein function based on sequence homology and physical properties of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool uses statistical methods to determine the harmful effect of SNPs?

    <p>PANTHER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of SNP&GO in predicting disease-associated SNPs?

    <p>To predict if a given SNP can be classified as disease-related or not using different information from the Gene Ontology annotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of I Mutant 3.0 in predicting the effect of SNPs on protein function?

    <p>It determines the change in free energy of protein due to amino acid substitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of PhD-SNP in predicting disease-associated SNPs?

    <p>To predict the harmful effect of SNPs using comparative information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of SNPs in the human genome?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation is most common in human SNPs?

    <p>C &gt; T transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a SNP haplotype?

    <p>A set of linked SNPs that tend to inherit together as a unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do SNPs only occur in noncoding regions?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can SNPs in the regulatory regions affect genes?

    <p>By altering the expression profile of genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the two SNPs in the ApoE gene?

    <p>They result in three possible alleles of the gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ApoE allele is associated with the highest risk of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>E4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the International HapMap project?

    <p>A project to identify and catalog genetic similarities and differences in human beings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 1000 Genomes Project?

    <p>To catalog human genetic variation related to diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest public database of short genetic variations?

    <p>NCBI SNP database (dbSNP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the dbSNP collection?

    <p>Single-base nucleotide substitution (SNP) and small-scale multi-base deletions or insertions (deletion, insertion polymorphisms or DIPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique identifier assigned to a new submission to dbSNP?

    <p>ss# (submitted SNP ID number)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are records merged in dbSNP if several ss# entries map to the same position?

    <p>They are merged into a cluster that is given a unique rs# (reference SNP cluster ID)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is shown for each SNP in dbSNP?

    <p>Variant type, Alleles, Chromosome, Gene, Functional consequence, Clinical significance, MAF (minor allele frequency)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can disease-related SNPs be identified?

    <p>Computational analysis using bioinformatic tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

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