Discover the World of Genetics

What are restriction enzymes and what is their use in DNA experiments?

They are enzymes that break down DNA and can be used for DNA extraction
They are enzymes that cut foreign DNA at specific regions and can be used for gel electrophoresis and advanced DNA manipulation (correct)
They are enzymes that produce DNA and are used to create vectors
They are enzymes that recognize specific DNA sequences and can be used for DNA sequencing

What are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)?

Point mutations that occur in at least 1% of the population (correct)
Small deletions and insertions
Mutations caused by exposure to radiation
Large-scale changes in the chromosome

What is the function of online resources in DNA experiments involving restriction enzymes?

To identify mutations in the chromosome
To analyze various restriction enzyme cutting sites and generate a restriction map of an input DNA sequence (correct)
To create transgenic constructs from restriction enzymes
To produce restriction enzymes for DNA manipulation

What are the different types of mutations that can occur in DNA?

All of the above (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common type of mutation that occurs in at least 1% of the population?

Point mutations that occur in at least 1% of the population (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of SIFT in predicting the effect of SNPs on protein function?

It predicts whether an amino acid substitution affects protein function based on sequence homology and physical properties of amino acids (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which tool uses statistical methods to determine the harmful effect of SNPs?

PANTHER (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of SNP&GO in predicting disease-associated SNPs?

To predict if a given SNP can be classified as disease-related or not using different information from the Gene Ontology annotation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of I Mutant 3.0 in predicting the effect of SNPs on protein function?

It determines the change in free energy of protein due to amino acid substitution (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of PhD-SNP in predicting disease-associated SNPs?

To predict the harmful effect of SNPs using comparative information (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of SNPs in the human genome?

1% (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation is most common in human SNPs?

C > T transition (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a SNP haplotype?

A set of linked SNPs that tend to inherit together as a unit (A) Signup and view all the answers

Do SNPs only occur in noncoding regions?

No (C) Signup and view all the answers

How can SNPs in the regulatory regions affect genes?

By altering the expression profile of genes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the two SNPs in the ApoE gene?

They result in three possible alleles of the gene (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which ApoE allele is associated with the highest risk of Alzheimer's disease?

E4 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the International HapMap project?

A project to identify and catalog genetic similarities and differences in human beings (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 1000 Genomes Project?

To catalog human genetic variation related to diseases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest public database of short genetic variations?

NCBI SNP database (dbSNP) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the dbSNP collection?

Single-base nucleotide substitution (SNP) and small-scale multi-base deletions or insertions (deletion, insertion polymorphisms or DIPs) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique identifier assigned to a new submission to dbSNP?

ss# (submitted SNP ID number) (A) Signup and view all the answers

How are records merged in dbSNP if several ss# entries map to the same position?

They are merged into a cluster that is given a unique rs# (reference SNP cluster ID) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What information is shown for each SNP in dbSNP?

Variant type, Alleles, Chromosome, Gene, Functional consequence, Clinical significance, MAF (minor allele frequency) (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can disease-related SNPs be identified?

Computational analysis using bioinformatic tools (A) Signup and view all the answers