Discover the Secrets of Marine Envenomation

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Which venomous marine creature can attack its prey by holding it with its tentacles, piercing its shell with its beak, and then envenomating it?

Tetrodotoxin

Marbled Cone

Cone Shells

Blue-ringed Octopus (correct)

What is the mechanism of action of neurotoxins at the neuromuscular junction?

Activation of GABA receptors

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

Enhancement of acetylcholine release

Blockade of voltage gated Na+ channels (correct)

What is the classification of Cone Shells based on their prey?

Molluscivorous, Vermivorous, Carnivorous

Molluscivorous, Vermivorous, Piscivorous (correct)

Molluscivorous, Carnivorous, Piscivorous

Herbivorous, Vermivorous, Piscivorous

Which venomous marine creature contains conotoxins in its venom?

Marbled Cone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

Transporting lymph fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for envenomation by a Blue-ringed Octopus on a limb?

Pressure immobilisation bandage (PIB) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) venom from a Blue-ringed Octopus?

Neuromuscular blockade and respiratory failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Na+ ion channel toxins found in the venom of Marbled Cone?

Causing paralysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative method of envenomation used by a Blue-ringed Octopus?

Squirting venom into water and waiting for paralysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the status of antivenom availability for envenomation by a Blue-ringed Octopus?

No antivenom available Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of a stonefish sting?

Respiratory failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for a lionfish sting?

Immerse in hot water Signup and view all the answers

Which fish is known for its venomous spines and can cause symptoms such as intense throbbing pain, tingling sensations, and blistering?

Lionfish Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of management for a scorpion fish sting?

Wash site and clear away any debris Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of a toadfish sting?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the main issue in the management of sea urchin injuries?

Removal of spines Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about stingrays?

They can cause nausea and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the main management for a jellyfish sting?

Immerse in hot water Signup and view all the answers

Which class of jellyfish is known as 'the most venomous creature in the world'?

Cubozoa Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nematocysts in jellyfish envenomation?

They deliver venom and adhere to prey Signup and view all the answers

Which jellyfish is responsible for the most documented deaths in Australian waters?

Chironex fleckeri Signup and view all the answers

Which jellyfish is associated with the condition known as Irukandji syndrome?

Irukandji jellyfish Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of Irukandji syndrome?

Vomiting, profuse sweating, headache, agitation, rapid heart rate, and very high blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for a sting from a Box Jellyfish?

Immediate removal of any tentacles and wash with vinegar Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for a sting from a Bluebottle Jellyfish?

Wash site with seawater and immerse in hot water Signup and view all the answers

What are the venom components of importance in sea snakes?

Post-synaptic neurotoxins and myotoxins Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment method for sea snake bites?

Pressure bandage immobilization and antivenom if indicated Signup and view all the answers

What is the venom used to produce sea snake antivenom?

Both Beaked sea snake and Tiger snake venom Signup and view all the answers

How many species of sea snakes are there in Northern Australia?

31 Signup and view all the answers

What are the local effects of sea snake envenoming?

Ptosis, limb weakness, myolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which family of snakes in Australia includes the Cobras found overseas?

Elapid Signup and view all the answers

How many snake bites occur per year in Australia?

2000-3000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the LD50?

The dose of venom that kills 50% of mice over a 24/48h period Signup and view all the answers

Which snake is also known as the common brown snake?

Eastern brown snake Signup and view all the answers

Which snake family is the most diverse and widespread?

Colubrids Signup and view all the answers

How many fatalities per year are there from snake bites in Australia?

1-2 Signup and view all the answers

Which snake is also known as the fierce snake or small-scaled snake?

Inland taipan Signup and view all the answers

Which family of snakes in Australia has none of its species present?

Vipers Signup and view all the answers

Which snake is also known as gwardar?

Western brown snake Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate fatality rate from snake bites in Australia per 100,000 population?

0.01 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds are commonly found in snake venoms?

Proteins and polypeptides Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of myotoxins found in snake venoms?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of coagulation induced by snake venoms?

Procoagulant activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of neurotoxins found in snake venoms?

Postsynaptic inhibition Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of haemotoxins found in snake venoms?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a key early sign of nephrotoxicity caused by snake venoms?

Oliguria Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of cardiotoxins found in snake venoms?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following snake species is associated with kidney damage as a result of snakebite?

Coastal taipan Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of death from haemotoxins in snake venoms?

Delayed bleeding tendency Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following snake venoms may cause heart failure?

Cardiotoxins Signup and view all the answers

Which snake is responsible for more deaths every year in Australia than any other group of snakes?

Eastern Brown Signup and view all the answers

Which snake has venom ranked as the second most toxic of any land snake in the world?

Eastern Brown Signup and view all the answers

Which snake raises its body off the ground, winds into an 'S' shape, and opens its mouth when disturbed?

Eastern Brown Signup and view all the answers

Which snake is less aggressive than its eastern cousin and tends to be fast moving and nervous in temperament?

Western Brown Signup and view all the answers

Which snake delivers three times as much venom as the eastern brown snake?

Western Brown Signup and view all the answers

Which snake's bite is usually painless and difficult to see due to the small fang marks?

Western Brown Signup and view all the answers

Which snake's venom causes progressive paralysis and stops the blood from clotting?

Eastern Brown Signup and view all the answers

Which snake's venom may take many doses of antivenom to treat envenomation?

Eastern Brown Signup and view all the answers

Which snake's bite can cause severe coagulopathy (blood clotting disorder) and sometimes kidney damage?

Western Brown Signup and view all the answers

Which snake is found throughout the eastern half of mainland Australia?

Eastern Brown Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following snake species produces the most lethal poison drop-for-drop?

Inland taipan Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clinical features is NOT commonly seen in brown snake envenomation?

Neurotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which snake venom may cause severe secondary rhabdomyolysis?

Mulga snake (King Brown) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clinical features is commonly seen in taipan envenomation?

Convulsion (especially in children) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following snake venoms is associated with a mild risk of paralysis?

Copperhead snake Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lizards is known to have venom and peptides that can decrease blood pressure?

Australian Lace Monitor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following snake venoms contains pre- and post-synaptic toxins?

Black snake Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of black snake envenomation?

Mild neurotoxic effects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of coagulation induced by snake venoms?

Risk of major haemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clinical features is commonly seen in tiger snake envenomation?

Dark urine (myoglobinurea) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antivenom is a combination of all species used in Australia?

Polyvalent antivenom Signup and view all the answers

How much antivenom is in a vial of Taipan antivenom?

12,000 units Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for envenomation by a Blue-ringed Octopus on a limb?

Apply a pressure immobilization bandage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of death from haemotoxins in snake venoms?

Respiratory failure Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of cardiotoxins found in snake venoms?

Muscle damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main issue in the management of sea urchin injuries?

Infection control Signup and view all the answers

Discover the Secrets of Marine Envenomation

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Questions and Answers

Which venomous marine creature can attack its prey by holding it with its tentacles, piercing its shell with its beak, and then envenomating it?

What is the mechanism of action of neurotoxins at the neuromuscular junction?

What is the classification of Cone Shells based on their prey?

Which venomous marine creature contains conotoxins in its venom?

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

What is the recommended management for envenomation by a Blue-ringed Octopus on a limb?

What is the main effect of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) venom from a Blue-ringed Octopus?

What is the function of Na+ ion channel toxins found in the venom of Marbled Cone?

What is the alternative method of envenomation used by a Blue-ringed Octopus?

What is the status of antivenom availability for envenomation by a Blue-ringed Octopus?

Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of a stonefish sting?

What is the main treatment for a lionfish sting?

Which fish is known for its venomous spines and can cause symptoms such as intense throbbing pain, tingling sensations, and blistering?

What is the main method of management for a scorpion fish sting?

Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of a toadfish sting?

What is the main issue in the management of sea urchin injuries?

Which of the following is true about stingrays?

What is the main management for a jellyfish sting?

Which class of jellyfish is known as 'the most venomous creature in the world'?

What is the role of nematocysts in jellyfish envenomation?

Which jellyfish is responsible for the most documented deaths in Australian waters?

Which jellyfish is associated with the condition known as Irukandji syndrome?

What are the symptoms of Irukandji syndrome?

What is the recommended management for a sting from a Box Jellyfish?

What is the recommended management for a sting from a Bluebottle Jellyfish?

What are the venom components of importance in sea snakes?

What is the recommended treatment method for sea snake bites?

What is the venom used to produce sea snake antivenom?

How many species of sea snakes are there in Northern Australia?

What are the local effects of sea snake envenoming?

Which family of snakes in Australia includes the Cobras found overseas?

How many snake bites occur per year in Australia?

What is the LD50?

Which snake is also known as the common brown snake?

Which snake family is the most diverse and widespread?

How many fatalities per year are there from snake bites in Australia?

Which snake is also known as the fierce snake or small-scaled snake?

Which family of snakes in Australia has none of its species present?

Which snake is also known as gwardar?

What is the approximate fatality rate from snake bites in Australia per 100,000 population?

Which of the following compounds are commonly found in snake venoms?

What is a common effect of myotoxins found in snake venoms?

Which of the following is a characteristic of coagulation induced by snake venoms?

What is the main effect of neurotoxins found in snake venoms?

What is a common effect of haemotoxins found in snake venoms?

What is a key early sign of nephrotoxicity caused by snake venoms?

What is a common effect of cardiotoxins found in snake venoms?

Which of the following snake species is associated with kidney damage as a result of snakebite?

What is the main cause of death from haemotoxins in snake venoms?

Which of the following snake venoms may cause heart failure?

Which snake is responsible for more deaths every year in Australia than any other group of snakes?

Which snake has venom ranked as the second most toxic of any land snake in the world?

Which snake raises its body off the ground, winds into an 'S' shape, and opens its mouth when disturbed?

Which snake is less aggressive than its eastern cousin and tends to be fast moving and nervous in temperament?

Which snake delivers three times as much venom as the eastern brown snake?

Which snake's bite is usually painless and difficult to see due to the small fang marks?

Which snake's venom causes progressive paralysis and stops the blood from clotting?

Which snake's venom may take many doses of antivenom to treat envenomation?

Which snake's bite can cause severe coagulopathy (blood clotting disorder) and sometimes kidney damage?

Which snake is found throughout the eastern half of mainland Australia?

Which of the following snake species produces the most lethal poison drop-for-drop?

Which of the following clinical features is NOT commonly seen in brown snake envenomation?

Which snake venom may cause severe secondary rhabdomyolysis?

Which of the following clinical features is commonly seen in taipan envenomation?

Which of the following snake venoms is associated with a mild risk of paralysis?

Which of the following lizards is known to have venom and peptides that can decrease blood pressure?

Which of the following snake venoms contains pre- and post-synaptic toxins?

Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of black snake envenomation?

Which of the following is a characteristic of coagulation induced by snake venoms?

Which of the following clinical features is commonly seen in tiger snake envenomation?

Which type of antivenom is a combination of all species used in Australia?

How much antivenom is in a vial of Taipan antivenom?

What is the recommended management for envenomation by a Blue-ringed Octopus on a limb?

What is the main cause of death from haemotoxins in snake venoms?

What is a common effect of cardiotoxins found in snake venoms?

What is the main issue in the management of sea urchin injuries?

What is the function of Na+ ion channel toxins found in the venom of Marbled Cone?