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- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist.
- He employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.
- Gandhi was born in Gujarat, India, in 1869 and trained in law in London.
- He lived in South Africa for 21 years, where he first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights.
- Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, and achieving self-rule.
- He adopted a simple lifestyle and undertook long fasts as a means of both introspection and political protest.
- Gandhi was imprisoned many times in both South Africa and India.
- In August 1947, Britain granted independence, but the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two dominions, a Hindu-majority India and a Muslim-majority Pakistan.
- Gandhi attempted to alleviate the religious violence that broke out after partition and undertook several hunger strikes to stop it.
- He was assassinated in January 1948 at the age of 78.
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