Discover the Fascinating World of Twins
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Questions and Answers

Which type of twins arise from 1 fertilized egg that splits in early pregnancy?

  • Dizygotic twins
  • Monozygotic twins (correct)
  • Identical twins
  • Fraternal twins

    • What determines chorionicity and amnionicity in monozygotic twins?

  • The number of eggs fertilized
  • The number of placentas
  • The timing of splitting (correct)
  • The number of amniotic sacs

    • Which condition occurs in monochorionic twin gestations?

  • Fraternal twins
  • Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) (correct)
  • Monozygotic twins
  • Dizygotic twins

    • Which structure is derived from the ectoderm in the pharyngeal apparatus?

    <p>Pharyngeal clefts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the failure of the urachus to involute?

    <p>Development of an adenocarcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is associated with the development of the middle ear cavity and eustachian tube?

    <p>1st pharyngeal pouch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the partial failure of the vitelline duct to obliterate?

    <p>Formation of a Meckel diverticulum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is formed by the obliterated urachus after birth?

    <p>Median umbilical ligament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the failure of the vitelline duct to obliterate?

    <p>Patent vitelline duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is associated with a persistent cervical sinus and presents as a lateral neck mass anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

    <p>Pharyngeal cleft cyst (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure contributes to the development of the thymus and the inferior parathyroids?

    <p>3rd pharyngeal pouch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the partial failure of the urachus to involute?

    <p>Urachal cyst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is derived from the endoderm in the pharyngeal apparatus?

    <p>Pharyngeal pouch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the total failure of the vitelline duct to obliterate?

    <p>Patent vitelline duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure gives rise to the epithelial lining of the palatine tonsil?

    <p>2nd pharyngeal pouch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is an outpouching of the ileum and may contain heterotopic gastric and/or pancreatic tissue?

    <p>Meckel diverticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is derived from the mesoderm and neural crest in the pharyngeal apparatus?

    <p>Pharyngeal arch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of twins always result in 2 zygotes?

    <p>Dizygotic twins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines chorionicity and amnionicity in monozygotic twins?

    <p>The timing of splitting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of twins result from 1 fertilized egg that splits in early pregnancy?

    <p>Monozygotic twins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition occurs in monochorionic twin gestations?

    <p>Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the failure of the urachus to involute?

    <p>Urachal cyst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels return deoxygenated blood from the fetal internal iliac arteries to the placenta?

    <p>Umbilical arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels supply oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus?

    <p>Umbilical vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a single umbilical artery (2-vessel cord) associated with?

    <p>Congenital and chromosomal anomalies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure forms from the allantois?

    <p>Urachus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the partial failure of the vitelline duct to obliterate?

    <p>Urachal cyst (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dizygotic twins always result in 2 zygotes.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monozygotic twins arise from 2 fertilized eggs.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monozygotic twins can have separate amniotic sacs.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monozygotic twins can have separate placentas.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monozygotic twins can be conjoined.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome occurs in monozygotic twin gestations.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TTTS is caused by abnormal connections between blood vessels in the placenta.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The donor twin in TTTS experiences hypervolemia.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A single umbilical artery is associated with congenital and chromosomal anomalies.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The umbilical arteries and vein are derived from the allantois.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The urachus is a duct between the fetal bladder and umbilicus.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The obliterated urachus is represented by the median umbilical ligament.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A patent urachus can result in urine discharge from the umbilicus.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A urachal cyst is a fluid-filled cavity lined with uroepithelium between the umbilicus and bladder.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A vesicourachal diverticulum is an outpouching of the bladder.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The vitelline duct connects the yolk sac to the midgut lumen during fetal development.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A patent vitelline duct can result in meconium discharge from the umbilicus.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A vitelline duct cyst can lead to volvulus, which can cause complications.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A Meckel diverticulum is an outpouching of the ileum.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The pharyngeal apparatus is composed of pharyngeal clefts, arches, and pouches.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dizygotic twins always result in 2 zygotes.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monozygotic twins can be conjoined.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TTTS occurs in monochorionic twin gestations.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A single umbilical artery (2-vessel cord) is associated with congenital and chromosomal anomalies.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The umbilical arteries and vein are derived from the allantois.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The allantois forms from the yolk sac.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vitelline duct connects the yolk sac to the midgut lumen during fetal development.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patent vitelline duct can result in meconium discharge from the umbilicus.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A vitelline duct cyst can lead to volvulus, which can cause complications.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A urachal cyst is a fluid-filled cavity lined with uroepithelium between the umbilicus and bladder.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urachus is a duct between the fetal bladder and umbilicus.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The obliterated urachus is represented by the median umbilical ligament.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patent urachus can result in urine discharge from the umbilicus.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A vesicourachal diverticulum is an outpouching of the bladder.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vitelline duct connects the yolk sac to the midgut lumen during fetal development.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patent vitelline duct can result in meconium discharge from the umbilicus.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A vitelline duct cyst can lead to volvulus, which can cause complications.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Meckel diverticulum is an outpouching of the ileum.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pharyngeal clefts are derived from ectoderm.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pharyngeal pouches are derived from endoderm.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of twins arise from 1 fertilized egg that splits in early pregnancy?

    <p>Monozygotic twins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of splitting 8-12 days after fertilization in monozygotic twins?

    <p>Shared chorion and amnion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) characterized by?

    <p>Unbalanced arteriovenous anastomoses between the twins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the umbilical vein supply to the fetus?

    <p>Oxygenated blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a single umbilical artery (2-vessel cord) associated with?

    <p>Congenital and chromosomal anomalies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is derived from the allantois?

    <p>Urachus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vitelline duct during fetal development?

    <p>Connects the yolk sac to the midgut lumen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of splitting 4-8 days after fertilization in monozygotic twins?

    <p>Shared chorion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of splitting 13+ days after fertilization in monozygotic twins?

    <p>Shared chorion, amnion, and body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of splitting 0-4 days after fertilization in monozygotic twins?

    <p>Separate chorion and amnion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which embryonic structure gives rise to the parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid?

    <p>4th pharyngeal pouch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the partial failure of the vitelline duct to obliterate?

    <p>Vitelline duct cyst (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is formed by the obliterated urachus after birth?

    <p>Median umbilical ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is not derived from the endoderm in the pharyngeal apparatus?

    <p>Palatine tonsil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the total failure of the urachus to involute?

    <p>Patent urachus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is not a derivative of the pharyngeal clefts?

    <p>Thyroid follicular cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is not a consequence of the failure of the vitelline duct to obliterate?

    <p>Pharyngeal cleft cyst (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is not a consequence of the failure of the urachus to involute?

    <p>Pharyngeal pouch cyst (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is not a derivative of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch?

    <p>Superior parathyroids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is not derived from the mesoderm and neural crest in the pharyngeal arches?

    <p>Epithelial lining of the palatine tonsil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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