Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which muscles attach the pectoral girdle to the trunk?
Which muscles attach the pectoral girdle to the trunk?
- Trapezius
- Levator scapulae
- Latissimus dorsi (correct)
- Rhomboids
Where do the upper fibres of the trapezius muscle originate from?
Where do the upper fibres of the trapezius muscle originate from?
- External occipital protuberance of the skull (correct)
- Spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae
- Spinous processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae
- Spinous processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae
Which muscles lie below the trapezius muscle?
Which muscles lie below the trapezius muscle?
- Trapezius
- Levator scapulae
- Rhomboids (correct)
- Latissimus dorsi
What is the origin of the rhomboid muscles?
What is the origin of the rhomboid muscles?
Where does the latissimus dorsi muscle have its origin from?
Where does the latissimus dorsi muscle have its origin from?
Where does the trapezius muscle insert into?
Where does the trapezius muscle insert into?
Which fibres of the trapezius muscle originate from the spinous processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae?
Which fibres of the trapezius muscle originate from the spinous processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae?
Which muscle originates from a series of individual slips from the upper eight ribs and inserts along the medial border of the scapula?
Which muscle originates from a series of individual slips from the upper eight ribs and inserts along the medial border of the scapula?
Which muscle group incorporates spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis?
Which muscle group incorporates spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis?
Which muscle is located deep to the erector spinae muscle and runs superiorly from its origin on the transverse processes to its insertion on the spinous processes?
Which muscle is located deep to the erector spinae muscle and runs superiorly from its origin on the transverse processes to its insertion on the spinous processes?
Which bones articulate at the acromioclavicular joint?
Which bones articulate at the acromioclavicular joint?
Which joint comprises a shallow articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula?
Which joint comprises a shallow articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula?
Which muscle passes through a small space formed by the coracoacromial ligament and can be impinged during repetitive overhead activities?
Which muscle passes through a small space formed by the coracoacromial ligament and can be impinged during repetitive overhead activities?
Which space is formed by teres minor, teres major, the shaft of the humerus, and the long head of triceps brachii?
Which space is formed by teres minor, teres major, the shaft of the humerus, and the long head of triceps brachii?
Which muscles form the walls of the axilla?
Which muscles form the walls of the axilla?
Which nerve supplies the serratus anterior muscle?
Which nerve supplies the serratus anterior muscle?
Which artery is a continuation of the subclavian artery?
Which artery is a continuation of the subclavian artery?
What divides the axillary artery into three parts?
What divides the axillary artery into three parts?
What is the terminal branch of the brachial plexus that supplies the deltoid muscle?
What is the terminal branch of the brachial plexus that supplies the deltoid muscle?
What are the four rotator cuff muscles?
What are the four rotator cuff muscles?
What is the origin of the infraspinatus muscle?
What is the origin of the infraspinatus muscle?
Which muscle of the shoulder has an origin from the subscapular fossa and inserts onto the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
Which muscle of the shoulder has an origin from the subscapular fossa and inserts onto the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
Which muscle gives the characteristic rounded shape to the shoulder?
Which muscle gives the characteristic rounded shape to the shoulder?
Which muscle has an origin from the inferior angle of the scapula and inserts onto the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus?
Which muscle has an origin from the inferior angle of the scapula and inserts onto the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus?
Which nerve passes through the quadrangular space?
Which nerve passes through the quadrangular space?
Which ligament forms an arch superiorly over the glenohumeral joint?
Which ligament forms an arch superiorly over the glenohumeral joint?
Which ligament helps stabilize the glenohumeral joint anteriorly?
Which ligament helps stabilize the glenohumeral joint anteriorly?
Which structure deepens the shallow glenoid fossa?
Which structure deepens the shallow glenoid fossa?
Which muscle is NOT part of the rotator cuff?
Which muscle is NOT part of the rotator cuff?
Which muscle has an origin from the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion, and spine of the scapula?
Which muscle has an origin from the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion, and spine of the scapula?
Study Notes
Muscles Attaching Pectoral Girdle to Trunk
- Muscles Involved: Trapezius, Rhomboid major/minor, Latissimus dorsi, Serratus anterior.
Upper Fibres of the Trapezius Muscle
- Origin: External occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of cervical vertebrae.
Muscles Below the Trapezius Muscle
- Muscles Present: Latissimus dorsi, Rhomboids, Levator scapulae.
Rhomboid Muscles Origin
- Origin: Spinous processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae (T2-T5 for rhomboid major; C7-T1 for rhomboid minor).
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Origin
- Origin: Spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and iliac crest.
Trapezius Muscle Insertion
- Insertion: Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula.
Lower Thoracic Vertebrae Origin of Trapezius Fibres
- Fibres: Lower fibres of trapezius muscle originate from spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae (T6-T12).
Muscle from Upper Eight Ribs
- Muscle: Serratus anterior; originates from upper eight ribs and inserts on medial border of the scapula.
Muscle Group Involving Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis
- Group: Erector spinae group, crucial for maintaining posture and spine extension.
Muscle Deep to Erector Spinae
- Muscle: Transversospinalis group runs from transverse to spinous processes.
Bones at Acromioclavicular Joint
- Bones: Acromion of scapula and clavicle.
Glenohumeral Joint
- Description: Shallow articulation between head of humerus and glenoid fossa of scapula.
Muscle Impinged During Overhead Activities
- Muscle: Supraspinatus can be impinged under the coracoacromial ligament.
Space Formed by Teres Muscles and Humerus
- Space: Quadrangular space, important for neurovascular structures.
Muscles Forming Walls of Axilla
- Muscles: Pectoralis major and minor; Latissimus dorsi; Scapula; Subscapularis.
Nerve Suppling Serratus Anterior Muscle
- Nerve: Long thoracic nerve.
Subclavian Artery Continuation
- Continuation: Becomes the axillary artery.
Division of Axillary Artery
- Division: Subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery and is divided by the pectoralis minor muscle into three parts.
Terminal Branch of Brachial Plexus to Deltoid
- Branch: Axillary nerve.
Four Rotator Cuff Muscles
- Muscles: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis.
Infraspinatus Muscle Origin
- Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula.
Muscle from Subscapular Fossa
- Muscle: Subscapularis which inserts onto the lesser tubercle of the humerus.
Muscle Giving Rounded Shape to Shoulder
- Muscle: Deltoid muscle.
Muscle from Inferior Angle of Scapula
- Muscle: Teres major inserts onto medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.
Nerve Passing Through Quadrangular Space
- Nerve: Axillary nerve.
Ligament Forming Arch Over Glenohumeral Joint
- Ligament: Coracoacromial ligament.
Ligament Stabilizing Glenohumeral Joint Anteriorly
- Ligament: Glenohumeral ligaments.
Structure Deepening Glenoid Fossa
- Structure: Glenoid labrum enhances the stability of the shoulder joint.
Non-Rotator Cuff Muscle
- Muscle: Deltoid muscle not classified among the rotator cuff group.
Origin of Deltoid Muscle
- Origin: Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the axilla and its anatomical structures with this quiz. Learn about the apex, base, and four walls of the axilla, as well as the muscles that form its boundaries. Perfect for anatomy enthusiasts and medical students.
