Written Discourse

A field of study that analyzes stretches of authentic language used in real communication, focusing on context and cultural variations in language use.

The study of how language is used to create meaning in larger units of text, going beyond individual sentences.

Features that help to connect different parts of a text, making it flow smoothly and coherently.

A type of cohesive device that refers to words or phrases that relate to something already mentioned in the text.

A type of cohesive device where a word or phrase is replaced with a shorter form to avoid repetition.

A type of cohesive device where parts of a sentence are left out because the meaning is clear from the context.

A cohesive device that uses words to connect sentences and show relationships between ideas.

A type of cohesive device that focuses on the use of vocabulary to create connections within a text.

A sequence of functions that we follow in conversations or texts, using conventions to achieve a goal.

How we present information in sentences as new or familiar to the listener/reader.

Reference that points back to a previous part of the text.

Reference that points forward to a later part of the text.

Reference that refers to things outside of the text, assumed to be known by the audience.

A cohesive device that uses similar sentence structures or phrases for emphasis and rhythm.

A recurring group of related words in a text, creating semantic connections.

The study of how people interact in conversations.

The part of a sentence that introduces the topic or what the sentence is about. For example, in 'The cat sat on the mat', 'The cat' is the theme.

The part of a sentence that provides information or comment about the theme. For example, in 'The cat sat on the mat', 'sat on the mat' is the rheme.

The overall topic of a text, which helps to make the text unified and coherent.

The way in which we expect things to happen in a particular situation or context. For example, we expect to get up, have breakfast, and go to work in the morning.

Our prior knowledge and understanding of the world, which helps us to make sense of new information.

A type of text that is recognized by its specific features, such as layout, content, and language. For example, a letter, a novel, or a news article.

A sub-category of a text type, which has its own specific characteristics. For example, a letter of complaint is a sub-genre of a letter.

The process of organizing information in a text in a logical and meaningful way.

The way in which information in a text is linked together, making it cohesive and easy to follow.

A type of text analysis that focuses on the way that language is used to create meaning in a particular context.

The use of language to express a particular attitude or point of view.

The process of analyzing the way that language is used to create meaning in a particular social setting.

The use of language to create a sense of shared understanding and common ground between the writer and the reader.

When a word or phrase is replaced by a shorter form to avoid repetition. For example, "The crowd was excited...they were cheering..."

A cohesive device where parts of a sentence are left out because the meaning is clear from the context. For example, "John ate a cake, and Mary ate (a cake)."

A cohesive device that uses words to connect sentences and show relationships between ideas. For example, "and", "but", "because", etc.

A cohesive device that involves the repetition of grammatical structures or patterns, creating a link between clauses or sentences. It can reinforce a message.

A cohesive device where a word or phrase refers to something already mentioned in the text. It can be anaphoric (referring back) or cataphoric (referring forward).

The capacity of a text to make sense. It's based on how well the reader's expectations are met and if the information is logically arranged.

The given information or topic in a sentence or a piece of text. It's what the author wants to talk about.

The comment or what the author wants to say about the theme. It's the new information provided in a sentence.

Creating a cohesive text by adhering to a consistent style of language or register. Using appropriate vocabulary and grammar for the audience and context.

The use of different words or phrases that have similar meaning to avoid repetition. For example, "audience" and "crowd".

The grammatical connections within a text. It includes nominal reference, pronominal reference, conjunctions, and ellipsis.

The overall organization of a text, its logic, and how well it conveys its message. It's influenced by the author's intentions and cultural context.

The study of how language changes over time, including changes in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.

Types of information included in a text, e.g., facts, opinions, personal experiences.

The way ideas are arranged and ordered in a text.

The overall tone and formality of a text.

Grammatical features used in a text, such as tenses and structures.

The words and phrases used in a text.

The visual appearance of a text, including headings, bullet points, and layout.

The beginning of a story that grabs the reader's attention.

A section in a text that provides comments and evaluation.

A final section that summarizes the main points and offers a recommendation.

Tenses used to describe events that are happening now.

Words that provide detailed descriptions, often using adjectives and adverbs.

A section of a text that covers a specific topic.

Explains the situation and setting of a story.

A section that describes the events that happen in a story.

The conclusion of a story that provides an outcome or evaluation.

The overall purpose of a text, like referring to something, expressing feelings, or giving instructions.

The style and formality of language used in a text, influenced by factors like the audience and purpose.

Words or phrases in spoken language that signal a change in direction, like 'anyway', 'actually', or 'well'.

Differences in how speakers communicate, leading to misunderstandings or inappropriate language use in a new language.

The part of the text that is new or introduces new information.

The part of the text that is already known or familiar to the listener/reader.