Disadvantages of Stone Localization Methods
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Questions and Answers

What is a major disadvantage of lithotripsy mentioned in the text?

  • Limited access to stones in the middle third of the ureter
  • Requirement for fasting before the procedure
  • Difficulty in identifying each individual stone piece after fragmentation (correct)
  • High cost associated with treatment
  • How are shock-wave sources typically arranged in kidney stone treatment systems?

  • Below the structures supporting the patient (correct)
  • Inside the patient's body
  • Above the patient
  • On the sides of the patient
  • What feature enables precise positioning of the patient during lithotripsy?

  • Intravenous contrast injection
  • Manual patient repositioning
  • Use of sedation
  • Motorized patient table (correct)
  • Why is it difficult to view stones in certain areas during lithotripsy?

    <p>Presence of indwelling ureteral catheter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a drawback associated with combining ultrasonography and fluoroscopy for stone localization?

    <p>Limitation of one system's function by the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a table with a patient being moved aid in lithotripsy treatment?

    <p>Enhances shock-wave synchronization with heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical range of shocks administered during ESWL treatment?

    <p>300-2000 shocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for the fragments from the stone to pass down the ureter after ESWL treatment?

    <p>30 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily urine output for patients after ESWL treatment?

    <p>Two quarts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After how many initial shocks does haematuria (blood in urine) typically occur in patients undergoing ESWL treatment?

    <p>200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure of the initial short compressive front in a typical shockwave used in ESWL treatment?

    <p>40 MPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does impedance mismatch occur leading to reflection of shockwaves in lithotripsy?

    <p>At the distal surface of the stone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of urinary stones are comprised of calcium salts, specifically calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance comprises about 20% of urinary stones and is usually associated with infections?

    <p>Magnesium ammonium phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In lithotripsy, what is the primary mechanism used to break down kidney stones?

    <p>Shockwaves synchronization with heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor plays a crucial role in determining the type of surgical intervention in kidney stone treatment?

    <p>Type, size, and site of the stone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication can arise if urinary stones are left untreated and lead to renal failure?

    <p>Urosepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason surgery is considered in kidney stone treatment when stones are unlikely to pass out?

    <p>To alleviate pain associated with kidney stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

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