Disability Models Comparison

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Questions and Answers

Which condition is primarily associated with difficulties in acquiring literacy skills?

Dyslexia (correct)

Dyspraxia

ADD

Dyscalculia

What does dyspraxia primarily refer to?

Acquisition of numeracy skills

Difficulties with reading

Attention deficits

Coordination of movements (correct)

Which of the following statements about Specific Learning Differences (SpLDs) is accurate?

SpLDs solely pertain to mathematical skills.

SpLDs only affect reading abilities.

SpLDs can be easily identified without overlap.

SpLDs are grouped to facilitate differentiation of learning difficulties. (correct)

ADD is characterized by which of the following symptoms?

Inattention and distractibility Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Medical Model of disability?

Identifying and treating individual impairments Signup and view all the answers

Which term is commonly used in place of developmental coordination disorder?

Dyspraxia Signup and view all the answers

What is a shared characteristic of ADHD and ADD?

Has short working memory Signup and view all the answers

How does the Social Model of disability differ from the Medical Model?

It advocates for societal changes to accommodate disabilities. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a criticism of the Medical Model of disability?

It often leads to loss of independence for individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Dyscalculia specifically affects which skill area?

Acquisition of numeracy skills Signup and view all the answers

What does the Medical Model of disability often overlook?

The responsibilities of society to adjust Signup and view all the answers

Which learning difficulty is primarily associated with social interaction challenges?

Autism Spectrum Disorder Signup and view all the answers

Prior to the 1970s, how was disability predominantly viewed?

As a deficit residing within the individual Signup and view all the answers

What kind of adjustments does the Social Model suggest for a student unable to see the board?

Adjusting the environment, like changing font size Signup and view all the answers

What effect can the Medical Model have on expectations for individuals with disabilities?

It leads to low expectations and dependency. Signup and view all the answers

What is an implication of the Medical Model regarding impairment?

Impairment should be cured or fixed regardless of its impact. Signup and view all the answers

What term did Judy Singer coin to promote the inclusion of individuals with different neurological experiences?

Neurological minorities Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of students are estimated to have a learning disability?

10 percent Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of students with learning disabilities?

Approximately 70 percent have more than one learning disability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how differences in learning disabilities are perceived?

As valid differences in cognition and behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Rosa Dene David's research?

The experiences of students from marginalized backgrounds Signup and view all the answers

Co-occurrence in learning disabilities makes it challenging to do what?

Differentiate between multiple types of learning disabilities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following workshops directly addresses the impact of specific learning differences on language learning?

How do SpLDs impact learning additional languages? Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key topics discussed in the workshop titled 'Discourses of disability in education'?

Appropriate language to describe disability Signup and view all the answers

Which model of disability contrasts with the social model in education?

Medical Model Signup and view all the answers

What role did Rosa Dene David have related to TESOL International?

Chair for the Supporting Studies with Disabilities Interest Section Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT explicitly stated as a workshop topic?

Adapting Educational Materials for Students Signup and view all the answers

At what time does the lunch break occur during Rosa Dene David’s schedule?

12:00-13:30 Signup and view all the answers

What is one emotional response that the word ‘disability’ elicits, as mentioned in the content?

Pride Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes specific learning disorder (SLD) in reading?

Includes challenges with both word-level reading and text-level comprehension. Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the diversity of all people, often used in the context of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Neurodiversity Signup and view all the answers

Which group does attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) belong to according to the DSM-5?

Neurodevelopmental Disorders Signup and view all the answers

How does the UK categorize difficulties related to spelling in comparison to the US?

In the UK, spelling issues are primarily categorized under dyslexia. Signup and view all the answers

Which subgroup is NOT recognized as part of specific learning disorders (SLDs) in the DSM-5?

Impairment in social skills Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of specific learning disorder with impairment in writing?

Grammar, punctuation, and clarity in writing. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a recognized equivalent to SLD in mathematics in the UK's terminology?

Dyscalculia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of individuals with learning disabilities as per Kormos & Smith?

Difficulty maintaining concentration. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Model of Disability

Views disability as stemming from an individual's impairment, focusing on a need for medical treatment or intervention.
Historically dominant perspective until the 1970s, emphasizing fixing or changing the individual rather than accommodating needs.
Promotes low expectations, diminishing independence, choice, and control for individuals with disabilities.
Often overlooks the positive contributions of disabled communities to society and neglects societal responsibility to adjust environments.

Proposes that disability arises from societal organization rather than the individual’s impairment.
Advocates for collective societal action to modify environments to enable full participation of people with disabilities.
Encourages adjusting educational tools, like font size for visibility, to accommodate individual needs rather than expecting individuals to conform.
Receives support from disabled rights activists seeking to shift perceptions of disability.

Learning Disabilities Terminology

Various terms like dyslexia and dyspraxia denote specific learning challenges; these can differ geographically.
The UK's approach labels these as Specific Learning Differences (SpLD), addressing difficulties in reading, writing, and numeracy without a one-size-fits-all categorization.
The U.S. defines similar concepts in the DSM-5 as Specific Learning Disorders (SLD), which includes impairments in reading, writing, and mathematics.

Neurodiversity Movement

Coined by Judy Singer, emphasizing that neurological differences (like autism and ADHD) are not deficits but part of human diversity.
Highlights the importance of recognizing and accommodating diverse ways of thinking, learning, and behaving.
Approximately 10% of students face learning disabilities, with co-occurrence making distinctions between types challenging.

Impact on Education

Learning disabilities affect academic achievement and life beyond school, requiring tailored teaching strategies.
Understanding the overlap between different learning disabilities is crucial for effective identification and support in educational settings.
Inclusive education practices are necessary for providing equitable learning environments for all students.

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Description

This quiz explores the Medical Model and the Social Model of disability, highlighting their differences and implications for societal perceptions of disability. Participants will analyze how each model defines disability and the roles of individuals and society in addressing it.