Dirty War Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Who overthrew the government when Isabel Perón was president?

Jorge Rafael Videla, los militarios

How many people disappeared during the dirty war?

30,000

Why were the bodies of dead people left on the streets for everyone to see?

To warn the members of anti-government groups

What happened to the babies of the subversive women who were arrested?

They were taken away from their mothers and given to military families or families who had ties with the government Signup and view all the answers

Who were the 'guerrilleros' fighting against in Argentina?

Most of them were middle-class students who identified with socialist ideas Signup and view all the answers

What was Operación Cóndor?

A group whose objective was to hunt down people who had leftist ideals and kill them Signup and view all the answers

What countries were part of Operación Cóndor?

Brasil, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia Signup and view all the answers

What countries were NOT allowed to participate in Operación Cóndor?

Marxist countries Signup and view all the answers

Why did the U.S. support Operación Cóndor?

The U.S. wanted to stop communism after losing the Vietnam War and during the Cold War with the Soviet Union Signup and view all the answers

How did the U.S. support Operación Cóndor?

The U.S. gave about 4,300 million dollars to the military of participating countries and trained their armies on torture techniques Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Madres of Plaza de Mayo and what did they ask for?

A group of mothers and grandmothers who gathered to protest against the government; they asked for the location of their children/grandchildren. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of Madres of Plaza de Mayo today?

To find all the children who were taken/put in adoptive homes during the Dirty War Signup and view all the answers

What kind of families adopted the children taken during the Dirty War?

Families who had ties with the government; most of them military families. Signup and view all the answers

How did the abuelas of Plaza de Mayo start to find their grandchildren?

By using mitochondrial DNA, a test that can pair up children with their maternal grandmothers Signup and view all the answers

How did people volunteer for mitochondrial DNA testing and how many children have been found?

Madres of Plaza de Mayo made a formal announcement; over one hundred children have been found. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Juan Perón?

He was a member of the military and a politician; he was Argentina's president three times. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Isabel Perón?

She was the third wife of Juan, and his vice president. After his death, she took over the presidency. Signup and view all the answers

What are two social/political changes Evita Perón brought to Argentine society?

She was key in giving women the right to vote; She also built schools, hospitals, and more. Signup and view all the answers

How did people feel about Isabel Perón when she took over the presidency in 1976 and why?

People didn't respect her because she didn't have experience to be the president and couldn't control the masses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the political party that was named after Juan Perón?

It's called Peronismo (Peronism); Perón introduced social programs for the lower class. Signup and view all the answers

Name the four main characters of 'La guerra sucia' when events are happening in Argentina.

Leslie, Magdalena, Raúl, Chancho Sánchez Signup and view all the answers

Mention two pieces of evidence Magdalena provides Leslie.

Information regarding the disappearance of her son; evidence at her son's apartment. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Chancho Sánchez and why is he relevant in the book?

He is an Army general; evidence suggests he is involved in the disappearances. Signup and view all the answers

What does Chancho Sánchez tell Leslie about the government's involvement in the disappearances?

He denies the involvement of the government and suggests Leslie writes about this instead. Signup and view all the answers

Mention three things Raúl went through after he was taken by the Army.

He was tortured, taken to ESMA, and heard people screaming including a baby. Signup and view all the answers

What happens first in the book?

Leslie received a call from her boss. Signup and view all the answers

Where does Leslie work?

She works at World Report Magazine. Signup and view all the answers

What opportunity is Leslie presented by her boss?

She can go to Argentina to investigate disappearances. Signup and view all the answers

What does the boss say about Leslie when he is trying to get her to go?

He says that she is his best investigative reporter, and this can make her famous. Signup and view all the answers

Why do Nick and Alex not have a father?

He died of an illness. Signup and view all the answers

What does Leslie do on the plane?

She reads what is in the folder her boss gave her. Signup and view all the answers

How was Leslie going to disprove or prove the allegations about Argentina's political crisis?

She needed to have witness testimony, videos, and photos. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Raúl?

He disappeared. Signup and view all the answers

What did they find at Raúl's apartment?

They found a list of names that said 'disappeared' and the name Chancho Sánchez that said 'guilty.' Signup and view all the answers

What was Raúl's neighbor's reaction to their questions?

She seemed scared and slammed the door in their face. Signup and view all the answers

What did Magdalena and Leslie see in the Plaza de Mayo?

They saw the Abuelas de la Plaza de Mayo. Signup and view all the answers

What is ESMA?

A detention center (originally Escuela Mecánica de la Armada). Signup and view all the answers

What is 'La Casa Rosada'?

It's like the White House in the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

Who used to speak from the balcony of La Casa Rosada?

Evita Perón Signup and view all the answers

What is happening with the children who are disappearing?

Their mothers are killed, and they are placed in military families who don't have children. Signup and view all the answers

What does Leslie's editor suggest she does to have a credible article?

She needs to give the Argentinian government the opportunity to present their side of the story. Signup and view all the answers

Who does Leslie meet with at a restaurant?

An army general (Chancho Sánchez) Signup and view all the answers

What does Chancho Sánchez tell Leslie about the disappearances?

People can disappear by their own will, and not everything should be blamed on the government. Signup and view all the answers

What does Chancho Sánchez suggest Leslie do?

She should write about the false allegations against the government. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Magdalena on her way to her hotel?

She decides to stop at ESMA to take a picture; she is caught and taken to Chancho Sánchez. Signup and view all the answers

What does disappearances mean in Spanish?

desapariciones Signup and view all the answers

What does hiding mean in Spanish?

escondiendo Signup and view all the answers

What does lies mean in Spanish?

mentiras Signup and view all the answers

What does newspaper mean in Spanish?

el periódico Signup and view all the answers

What does foreign mean in Spanish?

extranjero Signup and view all the answers

What does screams mean in Spanish?

gritos Signup and view all the answers

What does government mean in Spanish?

el gobierno Signup and view all the answers

What does killings mean in Spanish?

mantanzas Signup and view all the answers

What does controversial mean in Spanish?

polémico Signup and view all the answers

What does armed forces mean in Spanish?

las fuerzas armadas Signup and view all the answers

What does military junta mean in Spanish?

junta militar Signup and view all the answers

What does safe and sound mean in Spanish?

sana y salva Signup and view all the answers

What does to uncover mean in Spanish?

destapar Signup and view all the answers

What does to cover mean in Spanish?

tapar Signup and view all the answers

What does dangerous mean in Spanish?

peligro Signup and view all the answers

What does press mean in Spanish?

la prensa Signup and view all the answers

What does report/announce/reveal mean in Spanish?

denunciarlo Signup and view all the answers

What does thrown around mean in Spanish?

tirado Signup and view all the answers

What does horrified mean in Spanish?

horrizada Signup and view all the answers

What does suspicious mean in Spanish?

sospechoso Signup and view all the answers

What does ansiosa mean in English?

anxious Signup and view all the answers

What does army general mean in Spanish?

general del ejército Signup and view all the answers

What does to protest mean in Spanish?

manifestar Signup and view all the answers

What does demonstrators mean in Spanish?

manifestantes Signup and view all the answers

What does signs/banners mean in Spanish?

pancartas Signup and view all the answers

What does accusations mean in Spanish?

acusaciones Signup and view all the answers

What does guilty mean in Spanish?

culpa/culpable Signup and view all the answers

What does leadership mean in Spanish?

liderazgo Signup and view all the answers

What does basement mean in Spanish?

sótano Signup and view all the answers

What does relieved mean in Spanish?

aliviado Signup and view all the answers

What does subversive mean?

someone with views against the government Signup and view all the answers

What were Perón's beliefs?

He wanted to create a third way between laissez-faire and communism and united with and grew support from the working class. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of the Dirty War

The government was overthrown by Jorge Rafael Videla and military forces during Isabel Perón's presidency.
Approximately 30,000 individuals vanished during Argentina's Dirty War.

Tactics and Victims

Bodies of deceased individuals were publicly displayed to intimidate anti-government groups.
Babies of subversive women were taken from their mothers and placed in military or government-affiliated families.

Resistance and Movements

"Guerrilleros" were mainly middle-class students aligning with socialist ideologies against the government.
Operación Cóndor aimed to eliminate leftist thinkers across several South American countries including Brazil, Chile, and Argentina.

U.S. Involvement

The U.S. supported Operación Cóndor due to concerns about communist influence in the context of the Cold War following the Vietnam War.
Around $4.3 billion in military aid was provided, along with training in torture techniques.

Human Rights Activism

The Madres de Plaza de Mayo began to seek information about their missing children and grandchildren.
Efforts continue to locate children taken during the Dirty War, utilizing mitochondrial DNA testing to establish familial connections.

Key Figures

Juan Perón served as president of Argentina three times, advocating for labor rights and women's suffrage.
Isabel Perón, Juan's wife, assumed presidency after his death but lacked political experience and public support.
Evita Perón significantly influenced social policies, helping grant women the right to vote and improving public services.

The Story in "La Guerra Sucia"

Key characters include Leslie, an investigative reporter; Magdalena, a mother searching for her son; Raúl, her son who was captured; and Chancho Sánchez, an army general.
Leslie investigates suspicious disappearances, receiving information from Magdalena about her son and evidence against government officials.

Narrative Developments

Leslie's formal assignment is to expose allegations regarding Argentina's political context while navigating risks involved.
They discover records linking Chancho Sánchez to disappearances, highlighting systemic abuses within the military regime.

Government Response

Chancho Sánchez downplays government responsibility and encourages Leslie to address "false allegations."
The narrative builds tension as Magdalena is apprehended for her activism.

Additional Context

ESMA (Escuela Mecánica de la Armada) served as a notorious detention center for political prisoners during the Dirty War.
La Casa Rosada is the presidential palace where Evita Perón famously addressed the public.

Terminology and Concepts

"Disappearance" translates to "desapariciones," indicative of the ongoing human rights crisis.
Terms like "subversive" and "military junta" depict the context of government opposition and military rule.

Emotional and Societal Impact

Families affected by the disappearances lived in fear, with societal trust severely eroded.
The perseverance of activists like the Madres de Plaza de Mayo underscores broader themes of justice, memory, and accountability in Argentine history.

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Description

Test your knowledge about the Dirty War in Argentina with these flashcards. Explore key events, figures, and the impact of this period on society. Challenge yourself to recall important facts and understand the historical context of the war.