Diploma in Optometry - Ocular Anatomy

Examination Overview

• Diploma in Optometry from Uttar Pradesh State Medical Faculty, Lucknow.
• Subject focus includes Ocular Anatomy, Physiology, and Physical & Physiological Optics.
• Duration of examination is 3 hours with a total of 75 marks.

Key Questions and Answers

• Avascular layer of the eyeball is the Sclera.
• Normal visual acuity is defined as 6/6.
• Retinoscopy is used for Objective refraction.
• The Gland of Moll is categorized as a sweat gland.
• The volk muscle for the superior rectus is none of these.

True or False Statements

• The junction of sclera and cornea is referred to as the limbus. (True)
• Abduction is produced by the lateral rectus muscle. (True)
• The middle layer of the cornea is known as the Bowman's membrane. (False, it's the stroma.)
• Atropine serves solely as a mydriatic agent. (False, it's also used for other purposes.)
• Myopia is classified as a type of refractive error, not a color vision defect. (False)

Fill in the Blanks

• The newly identified sixth layer of the cornea is often referred to as Descemet’s membrane.
• Uvea consists of the ciliary body and iris.
• The refractive index of a lens is approximately 1.42 (varies by lens type).
• The dioptric power of the cornea is about 43 diopters on average.
• The deepest nucleus in the lens is the embryonic nucleus.

Short Notes Topics

• Diagram of the tear film involves layers including lipid, aqueous, and mucin.
• Sturm's Conoid refers to a visual optical phenomenon associated with astigmatism.
• Extra-ocular muscles function includes controlling eye movement, maintaining gaze, and stabilizing vision.
• Contents of the orbit include muscles, nerves, blood vessels, fat, and the eyeball itself.
• Prism usage involves bending light, aiding in vision correction for conditions like strabismus.
• Optical and visual axes differentiate between the path of light through the eye and the line of sight.

Detailed Answer Topics

• Section of the cornea includes layers like epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium, with details on blood and nerve supply.
• Eyelid anatomy includes skin, muscle layers, connective tissue; blood supply from the ophthalmic artery and innervation primarily from cranial nerve VII.
• Formation and drainage of aqueous humor involves production in the ciliary body, flow through the posterior chamber, and drainage through the trabecular meshwork into the canal of Schlemm.
• Homocentric lens systems focus light to a common center, discussed with a diagram showing lens curvature.
• Retinoscopy technique explained in detail with steps for assessing refraction and potential biases in subjective measurements.
• Visual pathway details the route of visual information from the retina through the optic nerve to the visual cortex.

Test your knowledge of ocular anatomy, physiology, and optics with this examination paper from the Uttar Pradesh State Medical Faculty. This quiz includes questions related to the structure and function of the eye, essential for first-year optometry students.