Dinoflagellates and Volvox Life Cycles
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Questions and Answers

What structure provides structural integrity to dinoflagellates?

  • Chloroplasts
  • Flagella
  • Nucleus
  • Interlocking cellulose plates (correct)

    • Which pigment is an accessory pigment found in dinoflagellates?

  • Chlorophyll b
  • Fucoxanthin (correct)
  • Carotene
  • Phycobilin

    • How do dinoflagellates benefit from their relationship with host organisms?

  • By providing food through photosynthesis (correct)
  • By absorbing nutrients from the host's cells
  • By living indefinitely without needing protection
  • By contributing to the host's mobility

    • What initiates the inversion in the life cycle of Volvox?

    <p>Gastrulation-like mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the parental organism of Volvox after it releases juvenile organisms?

    <p>It undergoes programmed cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do budding yeast use to reproduce?

    <p>Budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fission yeast divide?

    <p>Evenly to produce two new cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers sexual reproduction in Chlamydomonas?

    <p>Introduction of an opposite mating type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes dimorphic fungi?

    <p>Two forms of growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature distinguishes diatoms from other unicellular organisms?

    <p>Complex cell wall made of pectin and silica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a diatom reaches a critical size?

    <p>It triggers sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition do dinoflagellates perform photosynthesis?

    <p>In presence of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the gonidia in Volvox during its asexual life cycle?

    <p>They produce juvenile organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What features do algae share with plants?

    <p>Both use photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural adaptation aids in the movement of dinoflagellates?

    <p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cAMP play in the life cycle of D. discoideum?

    <p>It signals cells to migrate toward each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein allows for cell-cell attachment during D. discoideum aggregation?

    <p>gp24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hyphae lack cross walls and consist of a single multinucleate cell?

    <p>Coenocytic hyphae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of fungi are asci found, producing sexual spores?

    <p>Ascomycota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about budding yeast?

    <p>They are unicellular and characterized by their nonfilamentous nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome when two cells of Rhizopus nigricans undergo sexual reproduction?

    <p>Creation of zygospore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the D. discoideum slug will ultimately differentiate into the spore sack?

    <p>Prespore cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of fungi is known for producing asexual spores called conidia?

    <p>Ascomycota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vegetative hyphae in fungi?

    <p>Nutrient acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the aggregation process in the asexual life cycle of D. discoideum?

    <p>Depletion of nutrients leading to cAMP production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Storage of genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the mitochondria?

    <p>Generates ATP via oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) play in protein synthesis?

    <p>Protein entry and modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

    <p>Digestion of macromolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of chlorophyll?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major characteristic of the endosymbiotic theory?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells descended from prokaryotic organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microfilaments in the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Support cell shape and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cytoskeleton is involved in cellular movement?

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes flagella from cilia?

    <p>Flagella are longer and fewer than cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the Golgi complex in a cell?

    <p>Modification and sorting of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Carrying out oxidation reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of telomerase in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Prevents cellular death by maintaining chromosome length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which process do hydrogenosomes convert pyruvate into Acetyl CoA?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

    <p>Ribosomal RNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of telomerase in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>To synthesize DNA and extend chromosome ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cellular division do diploid cells undergo a reduction in chromosomal copy number?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from the fusion of an a cell with an a cell during the yeast life cycle?

    <p>Generation of a diploid organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During mRNA processing, which modification occurs at the 5' end of pre-mRNA?

    <p>Capping with 7-methyl guanosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is primarily associated with asexual reproduction in protozoa?

    <p>Budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the haploid micronuclei after conjugation in paramecium?

    <p>One migrates to the other cell for fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms undergoes schizogony?

    <p>Entamoeba histolytica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the cytoplasmic bridge formed during paramecium conjugation?

    <p>Enables the exchange of genetic material between cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the plasmodium of acellular slime molds?

    <p>Is a mass of protoplasm with many nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes apicomplexans?

    <p>They have specialized organelles for host penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of sexual reproduction in Plasmodium?

    <p>Formation of sporozoites in the insect vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribozymes in mRNA processing?

    <p>To remove introns from pre-mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of mastigophora includes photoautotrophs?

    <p>Euglenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of cellular slime molds?

    <p>Only reproduce asexually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dinoflagellates

    • Unicellular algae, and plankton
    • Possess interlocking cellulose plates in plasma membrane for structural support
    • Propelled by two flagella that spin
    • Photosynthetic, using chlorophyll and fucoxanthin (carotenoid pigment)
    • Some form endosymbiotic relationships with jellyfish, corals, and mollusks
    • Provide food through photosynthesis; the host organism protects them from the environment; some lack cellulose

    Volvox Life Cycles

    • Life cycle involves inversion (like gastrulation)
    • Cell migration moves cells from the exterior to the interior
    • Juvenile organisms develop further
    • Mature organisms are released from the parental organism
    • Eventually, the parental organism only consists of somatic cells, without gonidia
    • Parental organisms' somatic cells undergo programmed cell death

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of dinoflagellates and their unique characteristics, such as interlocking cellulose plates and movement through flagella. Delve into the life cycles of Volvox, highlighting their developmental stages and processes like inversion and programmed cell death. This quiz covers important biological concepts relevant to these unicellular organisms.

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