Questions and Answers
A morphological species definition uses the shape and size characteristics of fossils to define species.
True
Which phylum do humans belong to?
Phylum Chordata
Of the following, which is the largest grouping of species?
Kingdom
What piece of information is used in Phylogenetics, but not Cladistics?
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Which Class do humans belong to?
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Which of the following is not an activity in the field of taxonomy?
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Which of the following are derived characteristics that all birds share?
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Which Order do humans belong to?
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Linnaean taxonomy is a hierarchical classification.
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Biologists use trinomial nomenclature to name a new species - it consists of the family, genus, and species identifier.
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Paleontologists are able to use a biological definition of species.
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What is the proper species name for humans?
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Of the following people, who invented the most commonly used form of taxonomy?
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Which of the following are derived characteristics that all mammals share?
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In natural selection, individuals with advantageous adaptations are more likely to reproduce.
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The recessive gene is expressed in the F2 generation when an offspring receives copies of the recessive gene from both of its parents.
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Which vessel did Charles Darwin sail on during his early career?
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Darwin described his theory and provided extensive evidence in his book titled ____________.
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What is special about gametes?
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An example of a homology is your fingers and the bones supporting the wings of a bat.
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Charles Darwin was spurred to publish his theory upon receiving letters detailing a similar theory from which person?
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Artificial selection is the controlled breeding of individuals in a species to propagate characteristics advantageous to humans.
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What mineral are vertebrate bones made of?
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In humans, the sacral vertebrae have been fused together to form the coccyx.
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The backbone in dinosaurs consists of the cervical, dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae.
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Carnivorous dinosaurs have peg-shaped teeth.
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The pectoral girdle is the set of bones that make up the hips.
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Bipeds walk using their hind limbs only.
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The forelimb bones (humerus, radius, ulna) in dinosaurs are directly homologous to the long bones in the human arm.
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The ulna (one of the lower forelimb bones) is __________ to the scapula.
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Anapsids like turtles and tortoises were the group of reptiles that mammals evolved from.
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Which group of Osteoichthyean fish are the ancestors of the tetrapods?
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Which of the following groups does not exhibit an amniotic egg (or had an ancestor that laid amniotic eggs)?
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Study Notes
Morphological Species Definition
- Definition relies on the shape and size of fossils to classify species.
Human Classification
- Humans belong to Phylum Chordata.
- Humans are classified within Class Mammalia.
- Humans are part of the Order Primates.
- The proper species name for humans is Homo sapiens.
Taxonomy and Classification
- Linnaean taxonomy is hierarchical, categorizing organisms based on characteristics.
- Kingdom represents the largest grouping of species in biological classification.
- Trinomial nomenclature is incorrect; it consists of genus and species identifiers only.
Derived Characteristics
- All birds share characteristics such as feathers and upright posture.
- All mammals share characteristics like fur and mammary glands.
Natural Selection Principles
- Natural selection favors individuals with advantageous adaptations who reproduce successfully, spreading traits through populations.
- Recessive genes manifest in the F2 generation only when inherited from both parents.
Charles Darwin and Evolution
- Charles Darwin sailed on the HMS Beagle during his formative career.
- His theory of evolution is detailed in "On the Origin of Species."
- Alfred Russel Wallace prompted Darwin to publish his findings.
Gametes
- Sperm and egg cells (gametes) are haploid, containing a single copy of each chromosome.
Homology in Anatomy
- Examples of homology include the bones in human fingers and bat wings, illustrating common ancestry.
Artificial Selection
- Controlled breeding practices enhance traits in species for human benefit, such as improved food production.
Bone Composition
- Vertebrate bones are primarily composed of apatite, a form of calcium phosphate.
Vertebral Structure
- The dinosaur backbone consists of cervical, dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae.
- The claim about fused sacral vertebrae forming the coccyx in humans is false.
Limb Functionality
- Bipeds utilize only hind limbs for movement.
- Dinosaur forelimb bones (humerus, radius, ulna) correlate directly to the long bones in human arms.
Anatomical Relationships
- The ulna is distal to the scapula.
Evolutionary Lineage
- Anapsids, such as turtles, are not the progenitors of mammals.
- Sarcopterygii fish are identified as the ancestors of tetrapods.
Amniotic Egg
- Amphibians are the group that does not exhibit an amniotic egg or had an ancestor that laid amniotic eggs.
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Test your knowledge on morphological species definitions and taxonomy with these Dino class flashcards. Challenge yourself with questions about phyla and the largest groups of species, perfect for any biology enthusiast.
